Endocrine system

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

System of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers

Question 2

Pituitary gland

Answer 2

Master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body

Question 3

Adrenal glands

Answer 3

Tissues located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Blood-borne chemicals that influence target tissues and glands

Question 5

Actions triggered by the release of Adrenaline

Answer 5

1. contraction of the heart muscle and constriction of the blood vessels to provide more blood to the body
2. opening of the bronchioles (small airways) of the lungs to allow inhalation of more air
3. breakdown of fat into fatty acids, providing more fuel
4. breakdown of glycogen (a carbohydrate) into glucose (a sugar) to energise muscles
5. opening the pupils of the eye to enable better sight in low levels of light during emergencies

Question 6

Cortisol

Answer 6

Cortisol regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function, as well as the body’s use of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Secreted by the adrenal glands in response to physical and psychological stress

Question 7

Oxytocin

Answer 7

Pituitary hormone responsible for a several reproductive functions, including stretching the cervix and vagina during birth and aiding milk flow in nursing mothers. Also plays a role in maternal and romantic love