Endocrine System Flashcards
Types of communication
intracrine
autocrine
paracrine
endocrine
intracrine communication
intracellular events without secretion
autocrine communication
signal feeds back to affect the same cell that excreted the hormone (with secretion
paracrine communication
cells secrete chemicals and the chemicals affect other cells
endocrine communication
cells release chemical into bloodstream and they affect other (distant) cells
5 features of an endocrine system
- ductless (vs. exocrine)
- system must be vascularized
- hormone is transported throughout bloodstream
- hormone affects distant target cells
- hormone interactions with specific receptors
4 types of hormones (chemically)
- peptide/protein
- monoamine
- steroid
- lipid-based
exocytosis
hormones are packed in secretory vesicles and are released when they reach cell membrane (exocrine)
peptide/protein: enters cell via
exocytosis
peptide/protein: solubility
water
peptide/protein: binds to receptor in
membrane
peptide/protein: examples
insulin, leptin, vasopressin
monoamine structure
1 amino acid
2-10 amino acids is a
peptide
11-50 amino acids is a
polypeptide
50+ amino acids is a
protein
steroid hormone: basic foundation is
cholesterol
steroid hormone: solubility
lipid
steroid hormone: binds to receptor in
cytoplasm because it can diffuse across cell membrane
lipid soluble hormones require
carrier proteins because lipid doesn’t like watery blood
monoamine: examples
epinephrine, norepinephrine, melatonin
two types of monoamines
- catecholamine
2. indole amines
catecholamines
(monoamines)
- tyrosine (1 amino acid) makes
dopamine
- dopamine makes 1)epinephrine, 2)norepinephrine
indole amines
- tryptophan makes serotonin
- serotonin makes melatonin
lipid-based hormones: example
prostaglandins
lipid-based hormones: solubility
fatty acid
lipid-based hormones: binds to receptor in
cell membrane (even though it is lipid soluble). Requires transporter protein.
