Endocrine System

Question 1

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary by way of blood vessels called the _________.

Answer 1

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 2

Some endocrine glands elsewhere in the body suppress the secretion of hormones by the pituitary. This is called the _______.

Answer 2

Negative feedback inhibition

Question 3

Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes _________ if it occurs in childhood or adolescence and __________ if it occurs in adulthood.

Answer 3

Gigantism;acromegaly

Question 4

The metabolic rate is regulated by a large endocrine gland near the larynx called the __________.

Answer 4

Thyroid

Question 5

Hormones of the adrenal cortex fall into three categories: sex steroids, _______, and __________.

Answer 5

Glucocorticoids; mineralcorticoids

Question 6

The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of cell clusters called __________.

Answer 6

Pancreatic islets

Question 7

The __________ in the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, while the _________ secretes aldosterone.

Answer 7

Zona fasiculata; zona glomerulosa

Question 8

The interstitial cells of the testis secrete ________.

Answer 8

Testosterone

Question 9

Exocrine secretions have _________ effects, while endocrine secretions have _________ effects.

Answer 9

Extracellular; intracellular

Question 10

Two symptoms of diabetes mellitus are ________, which means glucose in the urine, and ________, which means an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.

Answer 10

Glucosuria; hyperglycemia

Question 11

Consequence of a dietary iodine deficiency

Answer 11

Endemic goiter

Question 12

Hormone of the kidneys and liver that increases red blood cell production

Answer 12

Erythropoietin

Question 13

Caused by certain viruses acting on genetically susceptible people

Answer 13

Type 1 DM

Question 14

Any pituitary hormone that stimulates the ovaries or testes

Answer 14

Gonadotropin

Question 15

Stimulates release of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex

Answer 15

ACTH

Question 16

The anterior pituitary can be stimulated by:

Answer 16

Coricotropin releasing hormone

Question 17

Blood calcium concentration is controlled mainly by a hormone from the:

Answer 17

Parathyroids

Question 18

_________ is referred to as the “salt-retaining hormone,” and it helps correct low blood pressure.

Answer 18

Aldosterone

Question 19

Antidiuretic hormone:

Answer 19

Reduces urine output

Question 20

Insulin injections will not benefit people with type 2 diabetes mellitus because:

Answer 20

Their target cells lack receptors for insulin

Question 21

Chronic stress can make a person more susceptible to infections cancer because it stimulates the continual secretion of

Answer 21

Cortisol

Question 22

A cell can increase its own sensitivity to a circulating hormone by the process of:

Answer 22

Up-regulation

Question 23

Eicosanoids are synthesized from one of the plasma membrane phospholipids called:

Answer 23

Arachnoid a is