Blood Vessels And Circulation

Question 1

Blood that leaves the heart usually flows through arteries, a capillary bed, veins, and back to the heart but, in a(n) __________, it flows through two capillary beds in succession before returning to the heart.

Answer 1

Portal system

Question 2

In a blood pressure such as 120/75, 120 represents the ________ pressure and the 75 represents the ________ pressure.

Answer 2

Systolic; diastolic

Question 3

The subclavians and common iliacs are examples of ________ arteries, while the femorals and rentals are examples of __________ arteries.

Answer 3

Conducting; distributing

Question 4

Blood flow is a function of pressure divided by _______. The most effective way of changing that variable is to change the _________ of the blood vessels.

Answer 4

Resistance; radius

Question 5

In ___________, the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs, not because of cardiac failure or a loss of blood from the body but because the blood has accumulated in the extremities.

Answer 5

Venous pooling shock

Question 6

The ________ vein enters the helium of the liver, carrying most of the nutrients absorbed by the small intestine.

Answer 6

Hepatic portal

Question 7

The only blood vessels with valves

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

Initiated by stretch receptors in the heart wall and major arteries

Answer 8

Baroreflex

Question 9

Insufficient blood supply

Answer 9

Ischemia

Question 10

Blood normally enters a capillary bed from a:

Answer 10

Metateriole

Question 11

Arteriovenous _________ are routes by which some blood bypasses the capillaries.

Answer 11

Anastomoses

Question 12

The growth of new blood vessels into an ischemic tissue is called:

Answer 12

Angiogenesis

Question 13

The secretion of ________ causes the blood pressure to drop.

Answer 13

Histamine

Question 14

Pulse pressure is high in the aorta and lower in the arterioles mainly because of:

Answer 14

The distensibility and elasticity of the arteries

Question 15

The vasa vasorum are:

Answer 15

Small vessels that supply blood to the tissues of large vessels

Question 16

Excessive fluid looks by perspiration or hemorrhage is most likely to cause:

Answer 16

Hypovolemic shock

Question 17

The brachial artery ends near the elbow, where it gives rise to the:

Answer 17

Radial and ulnar arteries

Question 18

Valves occur in:

Answer 18

Some medium veins

Question 19

A person with a blood pressure of 149/95 has a mean arterial blood pressure of about ______ and is at risk for kidney failure and artherosclerosis.

Answer 19

117 mmHG

Question 20

The baroreflex causes:

Answer 20

A decrease in sympathetic tone when blood pressure rises