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Endocrine System > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone:
Glucagon

*Antagonistic and help maintain glucose homeostasis

A

Gland:
Pancreas

Representative Action:
Raises blood glucose levels

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2
Q

Hormone:

Melatonin

A

Gland:
Pineal Gland

Representative Action:
Involved in biological rhythms associated with reproduction. Theirs action is control by light/ dark cycle.

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3
Q

Hormone:
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

*Tropic

A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates Thyroid gland

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4
Q

Insufficient dietary iodine leads to an enlarged thyroid gland called a ___________.

A

Goiter

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5
Q

This Endocrine disorder is caused by a deficiency of insulin or a decreased response to insulin in target tissues, marked by elevated blood glucose levels.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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6
Q 
Hormone:
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

*Tropic

A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

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7
Q

In neuroendocrine signaling, specialized neurosecretory cells secrete molecules called _________ that travel to target cells via the bloodstream.

A

Neurohormones

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8
Q

Hormones:
Epinephrine and norepinephrine

*fight or flight

A

Gland:Adrenal glands
Adrenal Medulla

Representative Action:
Raises blood glucose level; increase metabolic activities; constrict certain blood vessels; direct blood toward heart, brain and skeletal muscles and away from skin digestive system and kidneys.

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9
Q

Three major classes of hormones

A

Polypeptide (proteins and peptides)
Amines (derived from amino acids)
Steroid

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10
Q

Endocrine System

A 
Secretes hormones that coordinate slower but long acting responses to the following:
Reproduction
Development
Energy
Metabolism 
Growth 
Behavior
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11
Q

In Endocrine signaling hormones secreted into extra cellular fluid by endocrine cells reach their targets via the _________.

A

Bloodstream

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12
Q

Type _____ diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent) is autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells

A

One

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13
Q 
Hormone:
Growth Hormone (GH)
  • Both Tropic and Non Tropic
A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates growth ( especially bone) and metabolic functions.
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14
Q

Hormone Casade Pathway

A

A hormone can stimulate the release of a series of other hormones, the last of which activate a endocrine target cell.

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15
Q

Hormone:
Insulin

*Antagonistic and help maintain glucose homeostasis

A

Gland:
Pancreas

Representative Action:
Lowers Blood glucose level

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16
Q

What are some function of pheromones?

A

Trails leading to food, defining territories, warning predators, and attracting potential males.

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17
Q

Prolactin- releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the __________ pituitary to secrete prolactin (PRL) which as a role in milk production.

A

Anterior

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18
Q

___________ hormones are those that cat directly on targeted tissue or cells, and not on other endocrine glands to stimulate release of other hormones.

A

Non-Tropic

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19
Q

Hormone:

Oxytocin

A

Gland:
Posterior Pituitary Gland (releases neurohormones made in the hypothalamus)

Representative Action:
Stimulate contraction of uterus and regulate milk production in mammary gland cells.

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20
Q

Hormone:
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

*Tropic

A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates production of ova and sperm

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21
Q

Hormone:
Progestins

*Ex. Progesterone

A

Gland: Gonads
Ovaries

Representative Action:
Promote uterine lining growth

22
Q

The _____________pituitary gland stores and secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus

A

Posterior

23
Q

The ___________ pituitary makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus

A

Anterior

24
Q 
Hormone:
Antidiuretic Hormones (ADH)
A

Gland:
Posterior Pituitary Gland (releases neurohormones made in the hypothalamus)

Representative Action:
Promotes retention of water by kidneys and regulates physiology and behavior.

25
Q

Hyperthyroidism, excessive production of thyroid hormone, can lead to the following:

A

High Temperature
Sweating weight loss
Irritability
High blood pressure

26
Q

Hormone:
Androgens

*Ex. Testosterone

A

Gland: Gonads
Testes

Representative Action:
Supports sperm formation; promote development and maintain economic of male secondary sex characteristics

27
Q

Type _____diabetes mellitus ( non-insulin-dependent) involves insulin deficiency or reduced response of target cells due to change in insulin receptors.

A

Two

28
Q

Hormones:
Glucocorticoids

*ex. cortisol

A

Gland: Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex

Representative Action:
Raise blood glucose level and partial suppression of the immune system.

29
Q

The _____________ gland is located at the base of the brain and connected to the ______________ by the pituitary stalk.

A

Pituitary, hypothalamus

30
Q

A ___________ Feedback reinforces a stimulus to produce an even greater response.

A

Positive

31
Q

What is the different between Endocrine and Exocrine gland?

A

Endocrine are grouped together in ductless organs and secrete hormones directly into surrounding fluid. Exocrine have duct that secrete substance onto body surface or into cavity.

32
Q 
Hormone:
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

*Antagonistic regulates the homeostasis of calcium in the blood

A

Gland:
Parathyroid Gland

Representative Action:
Raises blood Calcium Level by releases CA2+ from from and stimulates reabsorption of CA2+ in the kidneys. Indirectly stimulating the Kidneys to activate Vitamin D .

33
Q

The release of thyroid hormone results from a cascade pathway involving the following:

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid Gland

34
Q

The following is an example of what feedback loop ?

In mammals oxytocin causes the release of milk, which stimulates the release of oxytocin

A

Positive feedback

35
Q

This is an example of what Feedback:
Anterior pituitary stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones T3 and T4. Increasing levels of these hormones in blood results in feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to in habit further signaling to the thyroid gland.

A

Negative

36
Q

Hormone:
Calcitonin

*Antagonistic regulates the homeostasis of calcium in the blood

A

Gland:
Thyroid Gland

Representative Action:
Lowers blood calcium level by stimulating CA2+ deposition in bones and secretion by kidneys.

37
Q

A ___________ hormone stimulates an endocrine gland to grow and secrete it’s hormone and regulates the function of the endocrine cell.

A

Tropic

38
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Neuron molecules that diffuse short distance and bind to receptor on target cells

39
Q

Hormone:
Estrogens

*Ex. Estradiol

A

Gland: Gonads
Ovaries

Representative Action:
Stimulate uterine lining growth; promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

40
Q 
Hormone:
Triiodothyronine (T3) w/ three iodine atoms
and Thyroxine(T4) w/ four iodine atoms
A

Gland:
Thyroid Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates and maintains metabolic processes

41
Q

This hormone regulates skin color in amphibians , fish and reptiles controlling pigment distribution.

In mammals it plays a additional role in hunger and metabolism in addition to coloration.

A

Melanocytes-stimulating Hormone (MSH)

42
Q

Hormone:
Mineralocorticoids

*ex. Aldosterone

A

Gland: Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex

Representative Action:
Promote reabsorption NA+ and excretion ok K+ in kidneys. salt and after balance.

43
Q

Synthesis of the sex hormones are controlled by __________ and ___________ from the anterior pituitary.

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormones (LH)

44
Q 
Hormone:
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

*Tropic

A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Representative Action:
Stimulates Ovaries and Testes

45
Q

Hypothyroidism is too little thyroid function, can produce the following symptoms:

A

Weight Gain
Lethargy
Cold Intolerance

46
Q

A form of hyperthyroidism cause by an autoimmunity, typified by protruding eye

A

Graves Disease

47
Q

Corticosteroids are trigger by a hormone cascade pathway Via the _____________ and _____________ ________________.

A

Hypothalamus and anterior Pituitary.

48
Q

Endocrine pathways are subject to regulation by the ____________ system, including the ____________.

A

Nervous, brain

49
Q

Hormone:
Prolactin

*NonTropic

A

Gland:
Anterior Pituitary Gland
*controlled by releasing inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus.

Representative Action:
Stimulates milk production and secretion

50
Q

Hormone cascade pathways typically involve a ___________ feedback .

A

Negative

51
Q

A _____________ Feedback loop inhibits a response by reducing the initial stimulus, thus preventing excessive pathway activity

A

Negative

52
Q

What are the Major Endocrine Gland?

A 
Hypothalamus 
Pineal
Pituitary 
Thyroid 
Parathyroid 
Adrenal 
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

Endocrine System (4 decks)

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