Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine System > Animal Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Animal Reproduction and Development Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is the creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and sperm

A

Asexual Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____________ Is the creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete ( egg) to form a zygote.

A

Sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Many invertebrates reproduce ______________ by _____________, separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about the same size.

A

Asexually, fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In __________ new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones.

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to Coral Polyps reproduce?

A

Asexually and by fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do hydra reproduce?

A

Asexually by budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What form of asexual reproduction involves the breaking of body into pieces, some or all of which develop into adults?

A

Fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Starfish reproduce through ___________.

A

Fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____________ must be accompanied by ________________, regrowth of lost body parts.

A

Fragmentation, Regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the development of a new individual from an unfertilized egg?

A

Parthenogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Male drone honeybees develop from in fertilized eggs and thus a ______________.

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________is the release of mature eggs at the midpoint of a female cycle

A

Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are reproductive cycles controlled by?

A

Hormones and environmental cues. Some are related to changing seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____________ is when each individual has male and female reproductive system, this is common in snails

A

Hermaphroditism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism that involves the union of egg and sperm ?

A

Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___________ __________ is when eggs shed by the female are fertilized by sperm in the external environment.

A

External fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Toads reproduce through what type of fertilization?

A

External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This type of fertilization occurs when stern are deposited in or near the female tract and fertilization occurs within the tract.

A

Internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

To reproduce sexually animals must produce gametes,some species have _________ the organs that produce gametes.

A

Gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The male external reproductive organs are ______ and ______ Internal organs are ______, which produce sperm and hormones, and accessory gland.

A

Penis, scrotum , gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the human penis composed of ?

A

Cylinders of spongy erectile tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to the penis during sexual arousal?

A

The spongy erectile tissue fills with blood from arteries, causing an erection .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The head of the penis ______ has a thinner skin covering than the shaft and is more sensitive to stimulation

A

Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the structure of the testes

A

Highly coiled tubes surrounded by connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is sperm formed?

A

Seminiferous tubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

These cells are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Leading cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why are the testes held outside f the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

A

Because the temperature is lower than in the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

From the seminiferous tubules of a testis, sperm pass into the coiled tubules of the ___________.

A

Epididymis

29
Q

During ejaculation sperm are propelled through the muscular _____ ___________ and ____________ ______, and then exit the penis through the ________.

A

vas deferents, ejaculatory duct , urethra

30
Q

What is composed of sperm plus secretion from three sets of accessory gland?

A

Semen

31
Q

The two __________ ___________ contribute about 60% of the total volume of semen.

A

Seminal Vesicles

32
Q

The _________ __________ secretes its products directly into urethra through several small ducts.

A

Prostate Gland

33
Q

What is the purpose of the clear mucus secreted by the bulbourethral gland before ejaculation?

A

Neutralizes acidic urine remaining in the urethra

34
Q

What is the production of male and female gametes that takes place through the process of meiosis?

A

Gametogenesis

35
Q

Describe the distinct structure and function of the Male (sperm) and Female(Eggs) gametes.

A

Sperm: small and motile so they can pass from the male to female Eggs: large and carry out their function within the female

36
Q

Describe Spermatogensis

A

It is the development of sperm. It is continuous and prolific.

37
Q

In Spermatogenesis,roughly how many sperm are produced per day and how long do they take to develop?

A

Millions produced per day ; 7 weeks to develop

38
Q

What is the form of gametogenesis is a prolonged process that is the development of a mature egg.

A

Oogenesis

39
Q

In the four products of meiosis how many develop into sperm verses into egg?

A

4 out of 4 develop into sperm while only 1 out of 4 become an egg.

40
Q

In Spermatogenesis what do Spermatogenesis develop into?

A

Primary Spermatocytes

41
Q

In Spermatogenesis Meiosis I occurs to give how many Secondary spermatocytes with how many chromosome?

A

2 secondary spermatocytes with 23 chromosomes each.

42
Q

In Spermatogenesis both secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II which results in what?

A

Four Spermatids each with 23 chromosomes.

43
Q

What are the three major region of a sperm?

A

Head, Midpiece and Tail

44
Q

This head region includes the nucleus and helmet like _________ containing hydrolytic enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate eggs.

A

Acrosome

45
Q

The Midpiece is the metabolic region of the sperm containing the ___________ that produces _____ to move the tail .

A

Mitochondria , ATP

46
Q

Tail is the locomotor region of the sperm that includes _________ and _________ membrane.

A

Flagellum and plasma membrane

47
Q

What is a the tin- walled chamber that is the repository for sperm during copulation and serves as the birth canal?

A

Vagina

48
Q

The vagina opens to the outside at the vulva which consist of what ?

A

Labia majora, labia minora, hymen, and clitoris.

49
Q

What are the female Gonads?

A

Ovaries

50
Q

Each ovary contains may follicles, which consist of a partially developed egg, called an _______, surround by support cells.

A

Oocyte

51
Q

Once a month an Oocyte develops into a _______ (egg) by the process of ___________.

A

Ovum, oogenesis.

52
Q

What is ovulation?

A

An egg cell is expelled from the follicle.

53
Q

What hormone is produced in the follicle cells prior to ovulation?

A

Estradiol

54
Q

During ovulation what happens to the remaining follicular tissue once the egg cell is expels?

A

Follicular tissue grows with the ovary to form the Corpus Luteum.

55
Q

What hormone is secreted by the Corpus Luteum and what is its function?

A

Estradiol and progesterone to help maintain pregnancy.

56
Q

The egg travels from the ovary to the uterus Via an _______ or ________ tube.

A

Oviduct, Fallopian

57
Q

True or false Female are born with a complete set of oogonia

A

TRUE

58
Q

In Oogenesis the oogonia develop into a __________ __________ inside the primary follicle

A

Primary oocyte

59
Q

Primary oocyte are stuck in ________ ___ of meiosis. After puberty one Follicle matures for about _____ days; once follicle is mature , _________ ( release of secondary oocyte) occurs. The follicle then becomes the __________ ___________. If __________ __________ is fertilized, it goes through Meiosis II

A

Prophase I , 14, ovulation , Corpus Luteum , secondary oocyte

60
Q

What does ( GnRH) ?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

61
Q

Gonadotropin -releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the ___________ and directs the release of _____ and ____ from the ___________ ___________.

A

Hypothalamus; FSH; LH; anterior pituitary

62
Q

What promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish developing sperm

A

FSH

63
Q

What hormone regulates Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone and other androgens, which in turn promotes Spermatogenesis.

A

LH

64
Q

_____________ regulates the production of GnRH, ______, and ____ through a ____________ feedback mechanism.

A

Testosterone; FSH; LH ; negative

65
Q

Prior to ovulation what occurs in the endometrium ( lining of uterus ) ?

A

The endometrium thickens with blood vessels in preparation for embryo implantation.

66
Q

A surge in LH triggers ….

A

ovulation

67
Q

Describe the ovarian cycle …

A

Hypothalamus release GnRH , then ANterior Pituitary inhibited by low levels so estradiol release FSH and LH to stimulate follicle growth. The follicular phase end at ovulation, and the secondary ooocyte is released . The follicular tissue left behind transforms into the Corpus Luteum disintegrates and ovarian steroid hormones decrease.

68
Q
A

Endocrine System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions