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Biology 30 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Nontarget hormones

A

Affect many cells throughout the body

E.g. Insulin, adrenaline, testosterone + progesterone

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2
Q

Target hormones

A

Affects specific cells

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3
Q

Protein hormones

A

-composed of amino acids chains of different lengths

E.g. insulin, growth hormone, epinephrine

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4
Q

Steroid hormones

A

-made from cholesterol, soluble in fact, non-soluble in water
– These hormones diffuse into the cells attached a receptor found in the cytoplasm
E.g. male and female sex hormones, Cortisol

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5
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Hormones that activate other glands

E.g. TSH, FSH, LH

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6
Q

Non-tropic hormones

A

Stimulates tissue not other glands

E.g. GH, PRL

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7
Q

What two systems work cooperatively to maintain homeostasis and short-term and long-term

A

Nervous [short-term] and endocrine [long term]

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8
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Produced in the glands and released into the bloodstream [circulatory system]

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9
Q

Antidiuretic hormone [ADH]

Gland,Target,function,stimulus for release, disorder

A 
Gland: hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
Target: kidneys
Function: 
-H2O retention in kidneys
Stimulus for release: dehydration
Disorder: diabetes insipidus and dehydration
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10
Q

Follicular stimulating hormone [FSH]

Gland, target, function,disorder, stimulus for release

A 
Gland: anterior pituitary 
Target: 
Males: testes [Seminiferous tubule's]
Females: ovaries [follicular growth]
Function: 
Males [spermatogenesis], 
Females [Promotes sec. sex char.]
Stimulus for release: release of GnRH
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11
Q

Lutenizing hormone [LH]

Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: males [testes], female [ovaries]
Function: stimulate ovulation in females, stimulates testosterone secretion in males.
Stimulus for release: release of GnRH

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12
Q

Prolactin [PRL]

Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary glands
Function: milk production
Stimulus for release: suckling

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13
Q

Human Growth hormone (hGH)

Glenn, target, function, disorder, stimulus release

A

Gland:hypothalamus/anterior pituitary
Target: General growth sites
Function: growth
Disorder: 1. Giantism 2. Midget 3. Dwarfism 4.acromegaly

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14
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]

Gland,target, function, disorder, stimulus release

A 
Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: thyroid
Function: stimulates the thyroid gland secrete thyroxine to increase metabolism
Stimulus for Release:  
-low levels of thyroid hormones [T4]
- hypothalamus releases TRF
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15
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]

Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: adrenal cortex
Function: stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids [cortisol]

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16
Q

Oxytocin

Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release

A 
Gland: hypothalamus/anterior pituitary
Target: uterus and mammary glands
Function: -uterine contractions during birth and sexual intercourse
-stimulates breast = milk release
Stimulus for release: birth and suckling
17
Q

Estrogen

A

Stimulates the development of endometrium lining and female secondary sex characteristics.

18
Q

Testosterone

A

Produced in the testes (interstitial cells of the seminiferous tubules)
-stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics

19
Q

Thyroxine

A

Produced in the thyroid gland
TSH released from hypothalamus stimulates thyroid gland secrete thyroxine [must have iodine present to make T4]
Disorders:
– hyperthyroidism [Graves’ disease [bulging eyes]]
– Hypothyroidism: children:cretism, adults:myxodema
– Goitre: thyroid swells cause of lack of iodine

20
Q

Calcitonin

A

-Produce and thyroid gland
– Stimulated by high blood calcium levels
– Target:
> bones: calcitonin causes uptake of calcium into bones when calcium levels are high
>Kidneys: Low calcium reabsorption release in urine

21
Q

Parathyroid hormone [PTH]

A

– Produced in parathyroid gland
Stimulus for the release: low blood calcium levels
Target:
>Kidneys:promotes reabsorption of calcium and kidneys back into blood, less in urine.
>Bones: release of calcium ions from bone temporarily into blood
>In test times: absorption of calcium from intestine into blood

22
Q

Activation site

A

Areas which are affected by hormones

Biology 30 (4 decks)

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