Endocrine System Flashcards
Nontarget hormones
Affect many cells throughout the body
E.g. Insulin, adrenaline, testosterone + progesterone
Target hormones
Affects specific cells
Protein hormones
-composed of amino acids chains of different lengths
E.g. insulin, growth hormone, epinephrine
Steroid hormones
-made from cholesterol, soluble in fact, non-soluble in water
– These hormones diffuse into the cells attached a receptor found in the cytoplasm
E.g. male and female sex hormones, Cortisol
Tropic hormones
Hormones that activate other glands
E.g. TSH, FSH, LH
Non-tropic hormones
Stimulates tissue not other glands
E.g. GH, PRL
What two systems work cooperatively to maintain homeostasis and short-term and long-term
Nervous [short-term] and endocrine [long term]
Endocrine gland
Produced in the glands and released into the bloodstream [circulatory system]
Antidiuretic hormone [ADH]
Gland,Target,function,stimulus for release, disorder
Gland: hypothalamus/posterior pituitary Target: kidneys Function: -H2O retention in kidneys Stimulus for release: dehydration Disorder: diabetes insipidus and dehydration
Follicular stimulating hormone [FSH]
Gland, target, function,disorder, stimulus for release
Gland: anterior pituitary Target: Males: testes [Seminiferous tubule's] Females: ovaries [follicular growth] Function: Males [spermatogenesis], Females [Promotes sec. sex char.] Stimulus for release: release of GnRH
Lutenizing hormone [LH]
Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release
Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: males [testes], female [ovaries]
Function: stimulate ovulation in females, stimulates testosterone secretion in males.
Stimulus for release: release of GnRH
Prolactin [PRL]
Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release
Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary glands
Function: milk production
Stimulus for release: suckling
Human Growth hormone (hGH)
Glenn, target, function, disorder, stimulus release
Gland:hypothalamus/anterior pituitary
Target: General growth sites
Function: growth
Disorder: 1. Giantism 2. Midget 3. Dwarfism 4.acromegaly
Thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]
Gland,target, function, disorder, stimulus release
Gland: anterior pituitary Target: thyroid Function: stimulates the thyroid gland secrete thyroxine to increase metabolism Stimulus for Release: -low levels of thyroid hormones [T4] - hypothalamus releases TRF
Adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]
Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release
Gland: anterior pituitary
Target: adrenal cortex
Function: stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids [cortisol]
Oxytocin
Gland, target, function, disorder, stimulus for release
Gland: hypothalamus/anterior pituitary Target: uterus and mammary glands Function: -uterine contractions during birth and sexual intercourse -stimulates breast = milk release Stimulus for release: birth and suckling
Estrogen
Stimulates the development of endometrium lining and female secondary sex characteristics.
Testosterone
Produced in the testes (interstitial cells of the seminiferous tubules)
-stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics
Thyroxine
Produced in the thyroid gland
TSH released from hypothalamus stimulates thyroid gland secrete thyroxine [must have iodine present to make T4]
Disorders:
– hyperthyroidism [Graves’ disease [bulging eyes]]
– Hypothyroidism: children:cretism, adults:myxodema
– Goitre: thyroid swells cause of lack of iodine
Calcitonin
-Produce and thyroid gland
– Stimulated by high blood calcium levels
– Target:
> bones: calcitonin causes uptake of calcium into bones when calcium levels are high
>Kidneys: Low calcium reabsorption release in urine
Parathyroid hormone [PTH]
– Produced in parathyroid gland
Stimulus for the release: low blood calcium levels
Target:
>Kidneys:promotes reabsorption of calcium and kidneys back into blood, less in urine.
>Bones: release of calcium ions from bone temporarily into blood
>In test times: absorption of calcium from intestine into blood
Activation site
Areas which are affected by hormones
