Endocrine system Flashcards
The major glands of the endocrine system are…
Pancreas Parathyroid Gland Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus Thyroid Gland Adrenal Glands Gonads
Paracrine signaling
Hormone is released into the extracellular space & regulates nearby cells without entering the blood
Autocrine signaling
Action of a hormone on the same cell that produced the hormone
Lumonal Signaling
Occurs when a hormone is released into the lumen of the digestive sys.
Agonist
Drugs that bind to & stimulate a receptor
Antagonist
Drugs that bind to & block its effects
Ligand
Any substance that interacts with a receptor
Down regulation Vs Up regulation
Up-regulation increased blood level of prolactin induces an up-regulation of prolactin receptors
Prolonged exposure to insulin results in a down-regulation of the insulin receptor.
Synergism
A hormone binding to its receptor may enhance the actions of a separate hormone on a different receptor of the same cell
Synthesis
Are the hormones produced on demand or stored in large quantities
Mode of release
Is the hormone released from vesicles through exocytosis or simply produced & allowed to diffused out of the cell
Transport
How is the hormone transported in the blood, does it circulate free or is it bound to proteins in the blood
Half-Life
How long does the hormone circulate in the blood before being broken down
receptor
Which of the three kinds of recepotrs does it interact with?
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
