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HISTOLOGY > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

0
Q

The following are of ectodermal in origin EXCEPT:

A. Pineal gland
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Adrenal medulla
D. Pituitary gland

A

B. Adrenal cortex

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1
Q

Internal supporting framework of endocrine glands..

A

RETICULAR TISSUE

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2
Q

The following are TRUE statements EXCEPT:

A. The posterior wall of the Rathke’s pouch gives rise to the Pars intermedia.

B. The pituitary gland is also knowna s the epiphysis cerebri.

C. The ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum gives rise to the Rathke’s pouch.

D. The neurohypophysis is a downgrowth from the floor of the diencephalon.

A

B. The pituitary gland is also knowna s the epiphysis cerebri.

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3
Q

Largest subdivision of the adenohypophysis.

A

Pars Distalis

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4
Q

Basophils in the Pars Distalis secrete the following hormones EXCEPT:

A. GH
B. FSH
C. LH
D. TSH

A

A. GH

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5
Q

These cells are referred to as reserve cells.

A

Chromophobes

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6
Q

The hormone of the pars intermedia.

A

MSH or Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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7
Q

It is the most highly vascular portion of the hypophysis.

A

Pars tuberalis

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The hypophyseal system is formed by the connection of capillaries in the median eminence and the capillary sinusoids in the pars intermedia.

A

FALSE. Pars distalis.

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9
Q

The superior hypophyseal arteries are branches of the following:

A. Internal Carotid and PCA
B. External carotid and PICA
C. Internal Carotid and ACA
D. External Carotid and ACA

A

A. Internal Carotid and PCA

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10
Q

The neurohypophysis is formed of unmyelinated fibers of the __________________.

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

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11
Q

Axons in the neurohypophysis descend through the median eminence:

A. Median eminence ➡️ infundibular process ➡️ infundibular stalk
B. Infundibular process ➡️ infundibular stalk ➡️ median eminence
C. Median eminence ➡️ infundibular stalk ➡️ infundibular process

A

C. Median eminence ➡️ infundibular stalk ➡️ infundibular process

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Pituicytes are considered as modified neuroglial cells.

A

TRUE.

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13
Q

Hormone synthesized in the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

A

OXYTOCIN

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14
Q

The anti-diuretic hormone is synthesized in what specific part of the hypothalamus.

A

Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

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15
Q

The 5th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to ________ which in turn gives rise to _________.

A

Ultimobranchial body, parafollicular or C-cells

16
Q

The lining epithelium of the follicles in the thyroid gland.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

17
Q

Main function of calcitonin.

A

Decrease blood calcium level

18
Q

Choose the correct pairing:

A. Superior parathyroid: Ventral wing of the 3rd pharyngeal pouches
B. Inferior parathyroid: Dorsal wing of the 3rd pharyngeal pouches
C. Superior parathyroid: Ventral wing of the 4th pharyngeal pouches
D. Inferior parathyroid: Dorsal wing of the 4th pharyngeal pouches.

A

B. Inferior parathyroid: Dorsal wing of the 3rd pharyngeal pouches

19
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The principal cells of the parathyroid gland appears only at the end of the first decade of life until puberty.

A

FALSE. Oxyphil cells. Principal or chief cells are in constant occurrence.

20
Q

Specific cells that secrete PTH or parathyroid hormone.

A

Principal cell

21
Q

Principal secretory cells of the adrenal cortex are derived from….

A

Mesodermal cells in the nephrogenic ridge.

22
Q

Secretory cells of the medulla re derived from…

A

Neural crest cells

23
Q

It is probable that the outer part if the ________ produces much of the cortisol in unstressed individuals.

A

Zona fasciculata

24
Q

The chromaffin reaction of the granules in the adrenal medulla is due to the presence of…

A

Catecholamines - norepinephrine and epinephrine

25
Q

The following are characteristics of the pinealocytes EXCEPT:

A. Pale staining
B. Diminished nucleoli
C, Round or oval nuclei

A

B. Diminished nucleoli

26
Q

The pineal gland has a high level of ________ and _________.

A

Serotonin, melatonin

27
Q

Insulin secretion begins on the _________ month of development.

A

5th.

28
Q

The predominant type of cell in the Islets of Langerhans.

A

Beta cells

29
Q

The following are characteristics of the Leydig cells EXCEPT:

A. Granular basophilic cytoplasm
B. Large and ovoid or polygonal
C. Eccentric nucleus

A

A. Granular basophilic cytoplasm

30
Q

The theca lutein cells secrete _______, while the granulosa lutein cells secrete __________.

A

Estrogen, Progesterone

31
Q

The syncitiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi secretes what hormone?

A

HCG

32
Q

The characteristic appearance of fat.

A

Signet ring

33
Q

The white or yellow adipose tissue is found in the following areas EXCEPT:

A. Skin
B. Omentum
C. Interscapular of newborns
D. Mesenteries

A

C. Interscapular of newborns

34
Q

The lacis cells of the kidney may produce…

A

Erythropoietin

HISTOLOGY (8 decks)

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