Endocrine System

Question 1

What is chemical coordination described as?

Answer 1

Chemical coordination is described as a slow, prolonged process of communicating information through the body.

Question 2

What is responsible for chemical coordination?

Answer 2

The endocrine system is responsible for chemical coordination.

Question 3

What releases hormones?

Answer 3

The endocrine glands release hormones.

Question 4

The endocrine glands work with the ___
___

Answer 4

The endocrine system works with the nervous system.

Question 5

Define a hormone.

Answer 5

A hormone is an organic chemical substance which is used to carry information from one part of the body to another to regulate metabolic function.

Question 6

What secrets hormones and where are they released into?

Answer 6

Endocrine glands secretes hormones which are released into bodily fluids like blood.

Question 7

Where are hormones are secreted to?

Answer 7

Hormones are secreted and sent to the targeted cells.

Question 8

What responds to hormones?

Answer 8

Target cells that express a specific receptor for that hormone - respond to that hormone.

Question 9

Chemically, what what are the two different types of hormones?

Answer 9

• Some are proteins -> insulin, thyroxine
• some are fats -> steroids - testosterone

Question 10

Properties of Hormones (5)

Answer 10

• either a protein or fat
• powerful in small concentrations
• very short life
• can stimulate target cells to release another hormone.
• do not operate in isolation but in conjunction with other hormones and the CNS.

Question 11

What is the CNS?

Answer 11

Central Nervous system

Question 12

What is an endocrine gland and how many different types are there?

Answer 12

• A vascular (rich in blood vessels) ductless gland that secretes hormones.
• are 9 different endocrine glands.

Question 13

What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Answer 13

• Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood - bypassing the ducts.
• exocrine gland secrete chemical substances through ducts onto your body surface (outside the body)

Question 14

Define homeostasis:

Answer 14

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment of the organisation.

Question 15

For cells, and therefor the body to function properly, what needs to stay stable?

Answer 15

• for cells to function properly, the internal environment needs to stay stable in terms of temperature, water concentration, electrolytes, CO2 and oxygen, glucose and other solutes and PH

Question 16

How is homeostasis maintained?

Answer 16

Any non-ideal changes that occur, need to be detected and then changes need to be made to return body to the ideal.

Question 17

Define negative feedback:

Answer 17

• A major mechanism that allows for the detection and correction during that occurs during homeostasis.
• therefore negative feedback is the mechanism by which animals maintain a constant state.

Question 18

When does negative feedback occur and what does it do?

Answer 18

• A negative feedback occurs if the system is disturbed.
• it’s sets off a sequence of events which counteract the disturbance and tends to restore the system to its original state.

Question 19

Lust the 9 different endocrine glands:

Answer 19

• pineal glands
• hypothalamus
• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• thymus
• pancreas
• adrenal glands
• kidneys
• gonads

Question 20

What are the two different parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 20

• Anterior lobe - release hormones through blood
• posterior lobe - releases hormones through nerves

Question 21

What hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland release?

Answer 21

• growth hormone
• luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• prolactin
• thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 23

What do growth hormones do?

Answer 23

Growth hormones - promotes growth by stimulating protein synthesis.