Applications Of Dna Tech Flashcards
1
Q
How is DNA profiling used?
A
-proof of maternity
-used in forensics at crime scenes
-used to trace missing persons
-to find compatible tissue types for organ transplants
-to determine cause of genetic defects
2
Q
What is PCR and what does it do?
A
- PCR -> polymerase chain reaction
- PCR replicates DNA as there is usually insignificant DNA for testing.
-> it can make millions of DNA segments from just a few copies of sample of DNA.
3
Q
How does PCR replicate DNA?
A
- through cycles of heating and cooling and using nucleotides -> the DNA fragments are replicated.
4
Q
What is Gel Electrophoresis?
A
- gel electrophoresis is a method that separate Nucleic acids according to their size.
5
Q
How is the barcode pattern created during electrophoresis?
A
- restriction enzymes cup up the DNA at specific points - results in different size pieces of DNA
- these pieces of DNA move through the gel under the influence of an electric field.
-smaller pieces move faster than larger ones.
-that is how the “barcode” is created
6
Q
What are STR‘s
A
STR -> Short Tandem Repeats
- repeating sequences of base pairs
7
Q
Discuss Ethics in obtaining DNA samples:
A
- illegal means of obtaining DNA samples without consent.
- confidential genetic information may be accessed.
-> can be discriminated against based on this genetic information.
8
Q
What is a DNA profiling?
A
DNA profiling is a process used to identify an individual based on a sample of DNA.
9
Q
What is a DNA profile/fingerprint?
A
A pattern used which is unique to an individual.
