Endocrine System Flashcards
Test details
Endocrine gland’s function
discharge secretions through a duct to a targeted tissue (ex. digestive glands)
How glands send hormones
Hormone (via bloodstream)->target(effect)
What do Exocrine glands have
Have a duct and discharge on an epithelial surface
Endocrine glands duct status
Are ductless
How is the endocrine system regulated?
Negative feedback
What does insulin do?
Gets glucose into the cells
If someone is diabetic, what is wrong with them?
Lack of insulin in their blood
Hypothalamus’s function for the endocrine system
link between the nervous and endocrine system
What are neurosecretory cells
specialized neurons that synthesize and secrete hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) function
Stimulates the release of thyroxin
Hypothalamus produces this hormone
Thyrotropin (TRH)- releasing hormones
RH
Pituitary-releasing hormones
RIH (pituitary)
Pituitary releasse inhibiting hormones
What is the “master gland”?
The posterior pituitary
Function of the pituitary gland
Helps with the control of the body and tissue growth
Which 2 hormones control estrogen and progesterone production?
Follicle stimulating hormone & luternizing hormone
Adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) function
Stimulates the release of chemicals from the adrenal cortex
Adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulator/secretion
CRH-glucocorticoids & androgens
Growth Hormone (GH) function
Stimualtes cell growth
Growth Hormone (GH) stimulator/secretion
GnRH-estrogen & testosterone
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) function
Increases production of melanin
Prolactin function
Stimulates production of milk in nursing mothers
What chemical does the thyroid hormone need to make throxine?
Iodine
Sources of iodine in your diet?
Salt
What 2 hormones does the posterior pituitary make
Oxytocin and ADH
Which gland releases melatonin?
Pineal gland
3 Thyroid hormone effects
- Increasing basal melobolic rate & heat production
- Regulating tissue growth and development
- Maintaining blood pressure by increasing adrengic receptors
What is myxedema (homeostatic Imbalance) and its cause
A hypothyroid imbalance caused from a lack of iodine
Symptoms of Myxedema (homeostatic Imbalance)
- Cold
- Low energy
- low metabolic rate
What can develop from the myxedema?
A goite (enlarged thyroid gland)
Graves disease symptoms
- Skinnier
- Rapid heart rate
- Bulging eyes
Graves disease
autoimmune condition where a person makes abnormal antibodies directed against thyroid follicular cells
What do C cells (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid gland release?
cacitonin
Why does the thyroid gland release cacitonin?
A rise in Ca+2 levels
What does the parathyroid release and its function
Releasing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates amount of calcium in the blood and the absorption by the bones
PTH releases cause what 3 things
- Enhance calcium reabsorption in the kidneys
- stimulate osteoclasts to digest Ca+2 rich bony matrix
- Promotes activation for vitamin
What is the thymus and its function
Secretes thymosin that stimulates T-cells production in children
Locations of the 2 Adrenal glands
The medulla is on the inside the cortex is on the outside
Medulla function
Secrrtes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepineohrine, which regulates our fight or flight response
Cortex’s 2 secretions and functions
- Secretes aldesterone, which regulates reabsorption of nutrients from the kidney
- Also secretes cortisol, which controls the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Pancreas function (2)
- Secretes insulin, which the liver and muscles use to remove sugar from the blood and store it as fat
- Also secretes glucagon, which tells the liver to break down fat stores and release sugar back in the blood
What are gonadocorticoids
Adrenal sex hormones
Glucocorticords
Helps with stress levels
Inhibitor for cortisol and its location (2)
- Inhibited by the ACTH
- The posterior pituitary
Effects of excess production of Cortisol
- A depressed immune system
- inhibited inflamation
Glucagon function
- Breaks down glycogen into glucose
- Synthesize glucose from lactic acid and from nocarbonyl drate molecules
- Release glucose to the blood by the liver cells, causing blood glucose levels to rise
Beta cells of the pancreas
Insulin
What do alpha cells make for the pancreas
glucagon
Symptoms
Diabetus insbititus (homeostatic Imbalance) (2)
- Increased Thirst
- Abnormal amounts of urination
Cause of diabetus Insbititus (homeostatic imbalance)
Hyposecretion of ADH that causes insulin deficiency
Cushing disease (homeostatic Imbalance)
Hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary that causes a tumor in the body
Gigantism (homeostatic Imbalance)
Hypersecretion and hyposecretion of GH that will target epiphyleal plates causing them to be taller
Cause of diabete mellitus (homeostatic Imbalance)
Insulin deficiency
