Endocrine System

Question 1

Hypothalmus

Answer 1

• controls secretions to the pituitary gland through releasing and inhibiting factors
  -Negative feedback outlines when to stop producing hormones

Question 2

Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe)

Answer 2

-connects to the hypothalamus through a complex nework of blood vessels

Question 3

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe)

Answer 3

-connects to the hypothalmus through nerves (infundibulum)
-doesnt make hormones

Question 4

AL - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 4

Target Organ: Ovaries
Growth/Development of the follicle
Target Organ: Testes
Production and Maturation of Sperm

Question 5

AL - Luitenising Hormone (LH)

Answer 5

Target Organ: Ovaries
Ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luitem
Target Organ: Sperm
Secretion of Testosterone

Question 6

AL - Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 6

Target Organ: All cells
Grows skeleton, increases amino acid uptake to build protein, maintain organ size

Question 7

AL - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 7

Target Organ: Thyroid
Stimulates production of hormones on the Thyroid

Question 8

AL - Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 8

Target Organ: Adrenal Cortex
Stimulates production of hormones in the Adrenal Cortex

Question 9

AL - Prolactin

Answer 9

Target Organ: Mammary Glands
Initiates and maintains milk secretion in females

Question 10

PL- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 10

Target Organ: Kidneys
Causes increased reabsorption of water from the kidneys

Question 11

PL - Oxytocin

Answer 11

Target Organ: Uterus
Stimulates muscular contractions during birth
Target Organ: Mammary Glands
Stimulates contraction of mammary glands causing a release of milk

Question 12

Thyroid

Answer 12

Produces: Thyroxine
Target: Most cells
Increases metabolic rate, therefore oxygen consumption and heat

Question 13

Parathyroid

Answer 13

Produces: Parathormones
Target: Bones
Releases calcium into the bloodstream
Target: Kidneys
Reabsorption of calcium into the kidneys, and an increase in phosphate excretion in urine

Question 14

Thymus

Answer 14

Produces: Thymosins
Target: T-Lymphocytes
Stimulates development and maturation of T-Lymphocytes

Question 15

Pineal

Answer 15

Produces: Melatonin
Regulates Sleep Patterns

Question 16

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 16

Produces: Aldosterone
Targets: Kidneys
Reduces sodium and increases potassium within the urine
Produces: Cortisol
Targets: Most cells
Promotes normal metabolism, helps the body deal with stress, and promotes healing damaged tissues

Question 17

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 17

Produces: Adrenaline
Target: Most cells
Prepares the body for fight or flight response
Produces Noradrenaline
Targets: Most cells
Increase rate and force of heartbeat

Question 18

Pancreas

Answer 18

Produces: Insulin
Target: Most cells
Stimulates the uptake of glucose. Lowers blood glucose levels
Produces: Glucagon
Target: Liver and Fat storage
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen and fat to increase blood glucose levels

Question 19

Testes

Answer 19

Produces: Androgens
Target: Most cells
Stimulates sperm production, growth of skeleton and muscle, and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 20

Ovaries

Answer 20

Produces: Estrogen
Target: Many tissues
Regulates menstural cycle, stimulates the development of female characteristics
Produces: Progesterone
Target: Uterus and Mammary Glands
Regulates menstural cycle, and prepares the body for pregnancy.

Question 21

Enzyme Amplification

Answer 21

A series of chemical reactions where one hormone causes a hormonal cascade, producing over a billion enzyme molecules

Question 22

Hormone Clearance

Answer 22

Is the breakdown of a homone in the liver of kidney once it has finished its job, and is excreted in bile or urine