Endocrine System Flashcards
Hypothalmus
- controls secretions to the pituitary gland through releasing and inhibiting factors
-Negative feedback outlines when to stop producing hormones
Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe)
-connects to the hypothalamus through a complex nework of blood vessels
Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe)
-connects to the hypothalmus through nerves (infundibulum)
-doesnt make hormones
AL - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Target Organ: Ovaries
Growth/Development of the follicle
Target Organ: Testes
Production and Maturation of Sperm
AL - Luitenising Hormone (LH)
Target Organ: Ovaries
Ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luitem
Target Organ: Sperm
Secretion of Testosterone
AL - Growth Hormone (GH)
Target Organ: All cells
Grows skeleton, increases amino acid uptake to build protein, maintain organ size
AL - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target Organ: Thyroid
Stimulates production of hormones on the Thyroid
AL - Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Target Organ: Adrenal Cortex
Stimulates production of hormones in the Adrenal Cortex
AL - Prolactin
Target Organ: Mammary Glands
Initiates and maintains milk secretion in females
PL- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Target Organ: Kidneys
Causes increased reabsorption of water from the kidneys
PL - Oxytocin
Target Organ: Uterus
Stimulates muscular contractions during birth
Target Organ: Mammary Glands
Stimulates contraction of mammary glands causing a release of milk
Thyroid
Produces: Thyroxine
Target: Most cells
Increases metabolic rate, therefore oxygen consumption and heat
Parathyroid
Produces: Parathormones
Target: Bones
Releases calcium into the bloodstream
Target: Kidneys
Reabsorption of calcium into the kidneys, and an increase in phosphate excretion in urine
Thymus
Produces: Thymosins
Target: T-Lymphocytes
Stimulates development and maturation of T-Lymphocytes
Pineal
Produces: Melatonin
Regulates Sleep Patterns
Adrenal Cortex
Produces: Aldosterone
Targets: Kidneys
Reduces sodium and increases potassium within the urine
Produces: Cortisol
Targets: Most cells
Promotes normal metabolism, helps the body deal with stress, and promotes healing damaged tissues
Adrenal Medulla
Produces: Adrenaline
Target: Most cells
Prepares the body for fight or flight response
Produces Noradrenaline
Targets: Most cells
Increase rate and force of heartbeat
Pancreas
Produces: Insulin
Target: Most cells
Stimulates the uptake of glucose. Lowers blood glucose levels
Produces: Glucagon
Target: Liver and Fat storage
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen and fat to increase blood glucose levels
Testes
Produces: Androgens
Target: Most cells
Stimulates sperm production, growth of skeleton and muscle, and secondary sexual characteristics
Ovaries
Produces: Estrogen
Target: Many tissues
Regulates menstural cycle, stimulates the development of female characteristics
Produces: Progesterone
Target: Uterus and Mammary Glands
Regulates menstural cycle, and prepares the body for pregnancy.
Enzyme Amplification
A series of chemical reactions where one hormone causes a hormonal cascade, producing over a billion enzyme molecules
Hormone Clearance
Is the breakdown of a homone in the liver of kidney once it has finished its job, and is excreted in bile or urine
