Endocrine System

Question 1

saturation

Answer 1

If all receptor molecules are occupied by hormones, more hormones ≠ produce a greater effect

Question 2

enzyme amplification

Answer 2

one hormone molecule doesn’t just bring about the production/activation of just one enzyme it activates thousands. This is cascading effect/process is called enzyme amplification

Question 3

Synthetic hormons

Answer 3

Synthetic hormone = artificially made (man-made or made in the laboratory). It can come from another organism/plant/animal

Question 4

The pathway of hypotahalamus for Posterior

Answer 4

Within the posterior, hormones are produced in long neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus.
The hormones are stored in the ends of the LNSC ( axonterminals) in the Posterior lobe.
The hormones are released into the blood via a nerve stimulation( nerve impulse)

Question 5

Steroid Hormone

Answer 5

1. is lipid soluble, diffuse through the cell membrane of target cell
2. Binds to receptor located in the cytoplasm/nucleus creating hormone receptor complex
3. Enters nucleus via nuclear pore
4. Alters gene expression -> activates gene-> therefore promoting transcription-> increases protein synthesis

Question 6

Amine hormone

Answer 6

1. is water soluble, attaches on receptor on the cel membrane ( cannot directly go in cell)
2. This stimulates an enzyme in cell to become active-> converts atp into cAMP ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate)= acts as secondary messenger -> this may activate enzymes cascading effect.
3. This effects the cells metabolic rate= increases/ decreases the speed of reactions.

Question 7

Breakdown

Answer 7

Once a hormone has produced the required effect it must be turned off, which is done by breaking down the hormone

Some hormones are broken down in the target cell, but most broken down in the liver and kidneys.

Question 8

The path way of hormone for Anterior pirtuitary gland

Answer 8

1. Within the Short neurosecretory in the hypothalamus
2. Hypothalamus begin to release inhibiting/promoting factors into the blood portal networks.
3. Target cells respond to factor
4. Target cells produce and release hormones into blood increaseing/decreasing depending on if its inhibiting or promoting.