endocrine system

Question 1

what is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

to secrete hormones which are required to regulate bodily functions

to provide a chemical system of communication via the bloodstream

Question 2

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

stimulates and controls the release of hormones from the pituatiary gland

Question 3

what hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 3

anterior: ACTH
posterior: oxytocin

Question 4

what is the function of ACTH and oxytocin released by the pituitary gland?

Answer 4

ACTH:stimulates the adrenal cortex and the release of cortisol during the stress response

oxytocin: responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 5

what hormone does the pineal gland release?

Answer 5

melatonin

Question 6

what is the function of melatonin from pineal gland?

Answer 6

responsible for biological rhythms including the sleep wake cycle

Question 7

what hormone does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 7

thyroxine

Question 8

what is the function of thyroxine that is released from thyroid gland?

Answer 8

regulating metabolism

Question 9

what hormone does adrenal gland release?

Answer 9

adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and neurodrenaline

Question 10

what is the function of adrenaline and neurodrenaline released by adrenal gland?

Answer 10

key hormones in fight or flight

Question 11

what hormone is released by ovaries and what is its function?

Answer 11

oestrogen and regulates female reproductive system

Question 12

what hormone does testes release and what is its function?

Answer 12

testosterone
responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 13

what are the steps in fight or flight response?

Answer 13

a person enters a stressful/ dangerous situation

the amyglada is activated which sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus

the hypothalamus activates the SAM pathway , the pathway running to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system

the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla

the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream

adrenaline causes the changes to the body to prepare the body for fight or flight

Question 14

what are the direct effects of adrenaline?

Answer 14

increases heart rate respiration and sweating

constricts blood vessels increasing blood flow and raising blood pressure

increases blood flow to the brain and skeletal muscles

diverts blood away from the skin kidneys and digestive system

Question 15

what are the general effects of adrenaline?

Answer 15

prepares body for fight or flight

increases bloody supplt to skeletal muscles for physical action

increase oxygen to brain for rapid response planning

Question 16

what are the negative effects of fight or flight?

Answer 16

the stressful situations we are in in everyday life generally dont need the physical reaction that gives us more energy for fight or flight

when stress response is repeatedly activated e.g increased blood pressure can lead to damage in blood vessels and eventually lead to heart disease

Question 17

freeze response by gray - negative of fight or flight

Answer 17

gray argues that the first phase of reaction is to nor fight or flee but to avoid confrontation

he suggests that we display a freeze response. this initial freezing focuses attention and makes them look for new information in order to make the best response for the particular threat

Question 18

gender differences in stress response: fight or flight

Answer 18

von dawans et al challenges the classic view that men display fight of flight and women tend and befriend.
the study found that stress can actually lead to cooperative and friendly behaviour even in men