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State Board > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adenohypophysis is another name for what gland?

A

ANTERIOR pituitary gland

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2
Q

Neurohypophysis is another name for what gland?

A

POSTERIOR pituitary gland

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3
Q

Hormones that are whole proteins , shorter chains of amino acids, single amino acids are ?

A

NON STEROIDS hormones

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4
Q

Nonsteroid hormones work according to which mechanism?

A

Second messenger mechanism

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5
Q

This messenger delivers its chemical message from the cells of an endocrine gland to highly specific membrane receptor sites on the target cell

A

FIRST messenger

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6
Q

Interaction between a hormone and its specific receptor site is compared to the fitting of a unique key into a lock, this is known as the

A

lock and key model of chemical activity

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7
Q

Chemical reactions activate molecules within the cell called

A

SECOND messengers

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8
Q

Which type of messenger do nonsteroid hormones serve as ?

A

FIRST messengers

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9
Q

Which hormone (in women) stimulates DEVELOPMENT of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens / (in men) growth of testes and produce sperm ?

A

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

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10
Q

Which hormone stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

A

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

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11
Q

Which hormone (in women) stimulates MATURATION of ovarian follicles , secretion of estrogen , and triggers OVULATION?

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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12
Q

Which hormone stimulates retention of water by the kidneys

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

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13
Q

Which hormone stimulates contractions in pregnancy and the release of milk?

A

OXYTOCIN (OT)

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14
Q

What hormones stimulate energy METABOLISM of all cells ?

A

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

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15
Q

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of bone, causing an increase in blood calcium ?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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16
Q

Which hormone regulates electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

A

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

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17
Q

Which hormones are located in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

TSH , ACTH , FSH , LH , GH , PRL

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18
Q

Which hormones are located in the posterior pituitary gland ?

A

ADH , OT

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19
Q

Which hormones are located in the thyroid ?

A

T4 , T3, CT

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20
Q

Which hormones are located in the adrenal CORTEX ?

A

MC’s (aldosterone), GC’s (cortisol), sex hormones (androgens)

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21
Q

Which hormones are located in the adrenal MEDULLA ?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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22
Q

Hormones that are small and lipid soluble (ex: estrogen)

A

STEROID hormones

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23
Q

The regulation of hormone levels in the blood depends on a highly specialized homeostatic mechanism called

A

NEGATIVE feedback

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24
Q

Why is homeostatic mechanism a negative feedback control mechanism?

A

Because it reverses the change

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25
Q

Another name for tissue hormones that diffused only a short distance to act on cells within that tissue , influencing activity of neighboring cells

A

Prostaglandins (PG’s)

26
Q

What does prostaglandins influence?

A

respiration , blood pressure , gastrointestinal secretions , inflammation , and reproductive system

27
Q

Which gland is no larger than a pea

A

Pituitary Gland

28
Q

The small depression of the sphenoid bone that is shaped like a saddle where the pituitary gland lies is called the

A

Sella Turcica (Turkish saddle)

29
Q

Which gland is known as the master gland?

A

ANTERIOR pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

30
Q

Too much INSULIN in the blood produces (hypo/hyper glycemia)

A

HYPOglycemia (LOWER than normal blood glucose concentration)

31
Q

Too much GROWTH HORMONE produces (hypo / hyper glycemia)

A

HYPERglycemia (HIGHER than normal blood glucose concentration)

32
Q

Which disease develops if the anterior pituitary gland secretes too much growth hormone after the normal growth years causing enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaw, and cheeks

A

Acromegaly (MEGA=TOO MUCH GH)

33
Q

A condition in which large volumes of urine are formed

A

Diabetes Insipidus

34
Q

ADH and oxytocin are RELEASED from the ?

A

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

35
Q

ADH and oxytocin are PRODUCED in the ?

A

Hypothalamus

36
Q

What regulates body temperature , appetite, and thirst?

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

A harmful excess of calcium in the blood is a condition called

A

Hypercalcemia

38
Q

A painless enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A

Simple goiter

39
Q

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during the formative years leads to this condition that shows low metabolic rate, retarded growth/sexual development and mental retardation

A

Cretinism

40
Q

Later in life, deficient thyroid hormone secretion produces this disease that shows lessened mental/physical vigor, weight gain, loss of hair, and swelling of tissues

A

Myxedema

41
Q

Which hormone increases the concentration of calcium in the blood?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

42
Q

Which hormone stimulates bone reabsorbing cells or osteoclasts to increase their breakdown of the bones hard matrix?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

43
Q

The main function of this hormone is to INCREASE the amount of SODIUM and DECREASE the amount of POTASSIUM in the blood

A

Aldosterone (by influencing kidney tubules)

44
Q

The role of these is to help maintain normal blood glucose concentrations by breaking down tissue proteins to amino acids (especially in muscle cells)

A

Glucocorticoids

45
Q

A process that converts amino acids or fatty acids to glucose and mainly performed by liver cells

A

Gluconeogenesis

46
Q

What brings about a decrease in the number of certain cells that produce antibodies , substances that make us immune to some factors and allergic to others

A

Glucocorticoids

47
Q

What is epinephrine also known as?

A

Adrenaline

48
Q

Where are epinephrine / norepinephrine secreted from?

A

Adrenal MEDULLA

49
Q

This disease is large amounts of glucocorticoids from tumors of the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

50
Q

Deficiency/hyposecrection of adrenal cortex hormones results in this disease

A

Addison Disease

51
Q

Another name for pancreatic islets

A

Islets of langerhans

52
Q

What secretes the pancreatic digestive juice & insulin

A

Pancreatic islets

53
Q

What do alpha cells secrete

A

Glucagon

54
Q

What do beta cells secrete

A

Insulin

55
Q

Excess glucose is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and lost in the urine , producing this condition

A

Glycosuria

56
Q

What gland is composed largely of lymphocytes

A

Thymus

57
Q

What produces chorionic gonadotropins?

A

Placenta

58
Q

The outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus

A

Chorion

59
Q

Which gland mainly produces melatonin ?

A

Pineal

60
Q

What is secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduces fat burning

A

Ghrelin

61
Q

Which hormone is secreted by cells in the wall of the hearts atria (upper chambers)

A

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)

62
Q

What hormone is secreted by fat storing cells throughout the body , regulating how hungry/full we feel

A

Leptin

State Board (4 decks)

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