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Biology Paper 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are glands?

A

Glands are organs that release small chemicals called hormones

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2
Q

Where are the hormones released?

A

Into the blood stream

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3
Q

True or false?
A hormone can only stimulate specific types of cells?

A

True

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4
Q

Different glands release different hormones true or false

A

True.

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5
Q

How does the endocrine system work?

A

Glands are organs that release small chemicals called hormones
These chemicals are normally released into the blood stream allowing them to travel around the body
They can bind to specific cells that have the correct receptors
This will bring about some change within the cell

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6
Q

How does the endocrine system work?

A

Glands are organs that release small chemicals called hormones
These chemicals are normally released into the blood stream allowing them to travel around the body
They can bind to specific cells that have the correct receptors
This will bring about some change within the cell

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7
Q

True or false hormones can only stimulate a specific cell

A

True

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8
Q

What does the pituitary gland do

A

Releases multiple hormones
It is often referred to as the master gland
The hormonesbit releases control what other glands do

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9
Q

Which gland releases thyroxine?

A

Thyroid gland

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10
Q

What is the role of thyroxine?

A

It regulates metabolism

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11
Q

What happens if your thyroxine levels are too low?

A

The pituitary gland will release more thyristor stimulating hormone tsh

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12
Q

What is the role of adrenaline?

A

Stimulates a fight or flight response

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13
Q

Where is adrenaline released from

A

The adrenal glands

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14
Q

Which organ is insulin released from?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Which organs is testosterone released from?

A

The testes

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16
Q

Do the effects of the endocrine system or nervous system last longer?

A

Endocrine as the hormones stay in the blood longer whereas electrical impulses from the nervous system last a split second

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17
Q

What happens if blood glucose concentrations fall too low?

A

There won’t be enough glucose for tissue cells to respire

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18
Q

After eating does our blood glucose concentration increase or decrease?

A

Increase

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19
Q

Which organ detects changes in blood glucose concentration

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Which hormone decreases blood glucose levels?

A

Insuilin

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21
Q

What are the two main organs that insulin stimulates to absorb glucose from the blood?

A

Muscle and liver

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22
Q

When glucose is absorber by the liver for long term storage what molecule is it converted to?

A

Glycogen

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23
Q

How does glucagon work?

A

When blood glucose levels fall to low
It’s detected by the pancreas
This causes the pancreas to release the hormone glucagon into the blood stream
This hormone then travels around the body and binds mainly to cells in the liver
This stimulates those liver cells to break down their stored glycogen into glucose

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24
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels get too high?

A

Insulin is released from the pancreas into the blood stream. This causes organs such as the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and covert it into glucogen

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25
Q

What is diabetes?

A

When the body can’t regulate the levels of glucose properly.

26
Q

What is glucose a type of?

A

Carbohydrate

27
Q

Which type of diabetes commonly occurs in younger people such as children and teenagers

A

Type 1

28
Q

What is the issue for type 1 diabetes?

A

The pancreas doesn’t release enough insuilin

29
Q

How is type 1 diabetes managed?

A

Insulin injection, monitor diet and excerise regularly

30
Q

Is type 1 diabetes temporary or life long?

A

Life long

31
Q

What us the underlying issue in type two diabetes?

A

The body’s tissue becomes resistant to insulin

32
Q

What factors increas type 2 diabetes

A

Lack of exercise and poor diet

33
Q

Which age group is most likely to get type 2 diabetes?

A

Older.

34
Q

What is puberty?

A

Is the period in which adolescents starts to develop secondary sexual characteristics

35
Q

What happens during puberty?

A

Depending of voice breast devolp musclr mass increases increase in height

36
Q

Which organ is testorone released from?

A

Testes

37
Q

Which organ releases oestrogen?

A

Ovaries

38
Q

How long does the average menstrual cycle last?

A

28 days

39
Q

What happens in stage one of the menstrual cycle?

A

Period of bleeding as the uterus lining breaks down

40
Q

What’s the name of stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menustration

41
Q

What is stage 2 of the menustral cycle?

A

Building up the uterus lining

42
Q

What is stage three of the menstrual cycle?

A

Release of egg from ovaries

43
Q

What’s the name for stage three of the menustral cycle?

A

Ovulation

44
Q

What happens in stage four of the menustral cycle?

A

Maintenence of the uterus lining

45
Q

What happens after stage four if there is no fertilised eggs?

A

The cycle starts again

46
Q

If a fertilised egg implants into the uterus lining then the menustrual cycle stops and the lining is maintained

A

True

47
Q

Which hormones stimulates the uterus lining to devolp?

A

Oestrogen

48
Q

Which organs are both lutenising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone released from?

A

Pituitary gland

49
Q

Which hormone stimulates the egg to he released around day 14?

A

Lh

50
Q

Which hormone stimulates the egg follicle to mature

A

Fsh

51
Q

Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus

A

Progesterone

52
Q

What is contraception?

A

A method to prevent pregnancy

53
Q

Which hormones can hormonal contraceptives contain?

A

Progesterone and oestrogene

54
Q

How can oestrogen act as a contraceptive

A

Inhbits fsh production skills that the eggs won’t mature

55
Q

How can progesterone act as a contraceptive?

A

Stimulates the production of mucus in the cervix so sperms can’t enter the uterus

56
Q

Which contraceptive is the longest lasting?

A

Intrauterine device last more than three years

57
Q

What is the shortest lasting contraceptive?

A

Contraceptive patch

58
Q

Which contraceptive is the most invasive?

A

Contraceptive implant

59
Q

How does a spermicide act as a contraceptive?

A

Destroys or disables the sperms cell

60
Q

If a women goes under sterilisation which structure is cut out?

A

Her fallopian tubes

Biology Paper 2 (4 decks)

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