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Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

It empowers the other organs to be able to communicate with other organs through hormones

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

Endocrine system is the utilization of chemical signals called ________

A

Hormones

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3
Q

5 Functions of the Endocrine System

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Growth and development
  3. Mobilization of body defenses
  4. Maintenance of much of homeostasis
  5. Regulation of metabolism
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4
Q

Endocrine system acts more slowly than the Nervous system by using chemical messengers called ________

A

Hormones

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5
Q

Hormones are ______________ to be transported throughout the body

A

Released into the blood

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6
Q

Scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs

A

Endocrinology

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7
Q

Chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body

A

Hormones

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8
Q

Almost all hormones produced by the body can be classified chemically as either ________ or _______

A

Amino acid-based molecules or steroids

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9
Q

Steroid hormones include the sex hormones made by the ________ and the hormones produced by the ________

A

Gonads and adrenal cortex

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10
Q
  • Hormones that act locally
  • Made from highly active lipids released from nearly all cell membranes
A

Prostaglandins

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11
Q

For a target cell to respond to a hormone, specific protein ________ to which that hormone can attach must be present on the cell’s plasma membrane or its interior

A

receptors

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12
Q

Hormone comes from a Greek word which means

A

To arouse

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13
Q

They arouse or bring about their effects on, the body’s cells primarily by ________

A

Altering cellular activity

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14
Q

Hormone arouse cells or alter cellular activity through these

A
  1. Change plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential (electrical state) by opening or closing ion channels
  2. Activate or inactive enzymes
  3. Stimulate or inhibit cell division
  4. Promote or inhibit secretion of a product
  5. Turn on or turn off transcription of certain genes (such as those encoding proteins or regulatory molecules)
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15
Q

Capable of producing or secreting hormones into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

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16
Q

It is secretion directed outside the body; contains ducts that allow secretion of materials to the external surface

A

Exocrine

17
Q

Directed into the bloodstream or into the body

A

Endocrine

18
Q

Types of chemical signals

A

Intracellular (autocrine, paracrine) and Intercellular

19
Q

Communication that happens within a cell, released by cells and have a local effect on same cell type

A

Autocrine

20
Q

Released by cells that affect other cell types in close proximity

A

Paracrine

21
Q

Hormones are classified chemically as

A
  • Amino acid-based
  • Steroids
  • Prostaglandins
22
Q

Components of Hormones

A
  • Receptor site
  • Target tissues
  • Specificity
23
Q

Location on a cell where hormone binds

A

Receptor site

24
Q

Group of cells that respond to specific hormones

A

Target tissues

25
Q

Specific hormones bind to specific receptor sites

A

Specificity

26
Q

Hormones mechanism of action

A
  • Secreted by endocrine glands directly into bloodstream
  • Travel to all parts of body
  • Bind to receptor site on target tissue
  • Response occurs
27
Q

Hormones arouse cells or alter cellular activity

A
  • Change plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential (electrical state) by opening or closing ion channels
  • Activate or inactive enzymes
  • Stimulate or inhibit cell division
  • Promote or inhibit secretion of a product
  • Turn on or turn off transcription of certain genes (such as those encoding proteins or regulatory molecules)
28
Q

Direct gene activation

A
  1. Hormones diffuse through plasma membranes of target cells
  2. Once inside, hormone enters nucleus
  3. Binds to a specific hormone-receptor
  4. Hormone-receptor complex binds to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
  5. Activation of certain genes to transcribe mRNA
  6. mRNA is then translated in the cytoplasm, resulting to the synthesis of new proteins
29
Q

What determines whether a hormone will influence a given body cell?

A

A hormone can influence a body cell only if that cell has receptors for that hormone, either on its plasma membrane or internally.

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