Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Compare and contrast NS and ES
A
- NS: quick responses to rapid changes in external environment
- ES: slower acting - taking care of internal environment of body, maintaining homeostasis and controlling reproduction
2
Q
Hypothalamus
A
region of diencephalon inferior to thalamus
Function: neural and endocrine signalling
3
Q
Function of endocrine glands?
A
- Ductless glands
- secrete their hormones directly into surrounding fluid
- interstitial fluid and blood vessels then transport hormones throughout the body
4
Q
Pituitary gland
A
- bean-sized organ suspended from hypothalamus (suspended by a stem called infundibulum).
- Cradled within sella turcic of sphenoid bone of the skull
- 2 lobes (anterior = glandular tissue, posterior = neural tissue)
- Function: produces, stores and secretes hormones
5
Q
Thyroid gland
A
- butterfly-shaped organ
- location: anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx
- function: synthesis of thyroid hormones
6
Q
Parathyroid glands
A
- Small, round glands embedded in posterior thyroid gland
- Most people have 4, but some may have more
- function: produces parathyroid hormone to regulate blood Ca levels
7
Q
Adrenal (suprarenal) glands
A
- Wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue attached to superior surface of the kidneys by a fibrous capsule
- function: secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) which stimulate the fight or flight response
8
Q
Pineal gland
A
Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin (sleep-wake)
9
Q
Pancreas
A
- Location: posterior to stomach
- organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions
- Pancreatic islets: clusters of cells secrete glucagon and insulin (together they regulate blood glucose levels)
10
Q
Major hormones of anterior pituitary
A
- Growth hormone (GH): growth of body tissues
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): stimulates thyroid hormone release
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): simulates gamete production
- Luteinising hormone (LH): stimulates androgen production by gonads
11
Q
Major hormones of thyroid
A
- Thyroid hormones: stimulate basal metabolic rate
- Calcitonin: reduces blood Ca2+ levels
12
Q
Major hormone of parathyroid
A
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Increases blood Ca2+ levels
13
Q
Major hormone of adrenal (medulla)
A
Epinephrine / norepinephrine : stimulate fight or flight response
14
Q
Major hormone of pineal gland
A
Melatonin: sleep-wake cycles
15
Q
Major hormones of pancreas
A
- Insulin: reduces blood glucose levels
- Glucagon: increases blood glucose levels