Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
antagonsitic
A
acting in opposition; mutually opposing
2
Q
electrolytes
A
salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body
3
Q
glucagon
A
hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) to glucose
4
Q
glucose
A
simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
5
Q
sympathomimetic
A
agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response
6
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
7
Q
adrenal/o
A
adrenal glands
8
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
9
Q
gluc/o
A
sugar, sweetness
10
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar, sweetness
11
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar, sweetness
12
Q
home/o
A
same, alike
13
Q
kal/i
A
potassium (an electrolyte)
14
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
15
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
16
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
17
Q
thyr/o
A
thyroid gland
18
Q
thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
19
Q
toxic/o
A
poison
20
Q
-crine
A
secrete
21
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
22
Q
-gen
A
forming, producing, origin
23
Q
-toxic
A
pertaining to poison
24
Q
-uria
A
urine
25
eu-
good
26
exo-
outside
27
poly
many
28
diabetes insipidus (DI)
disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic
29
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
30
gestational diabetes
diabetes that develops during pregnancy (gestation)
31
growth hormone (GH) disorders
pituitary gland disorder that generally involves a hypersecretion or hyposecretion of GH and commonly results from a pituitary tumor
32
acromegaly
hypersecretion of GH in adults, resulting in enlargement of bones in the extremeties and head
33
dwarfism
hyposecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in extreme shortness in a stature (final height of only 3' or 4') but normal body proportions
34
giantism
hypersecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in abnormal increase in the length of long bones and extreme height (up to 8' tall) but with body proportions remaining about normal
35
hirsutism
excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women
36
hypercalcemia
condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal
37
hyperkalemia
condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal
38
hypervolemia
abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body
39
hypoatremia
lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood
40
insulinoma
tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing the excessive production of insulin and leading to hypoglycemia; also called pancreatic tumor
41
neurofibromatosis
genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere
42
obesity
abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more of an individual's ideal body weight
43
panhypopituitarism
total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity
44
thyroid storm
crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidisms caused by the release into blood stream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis
45
virilism
masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman
46
exopthalmometry
measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exopthalmos) as seen in Grave's disease
47
A1 c test
blood test used to diagnose and manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes; also called glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, and HbA1c
48
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours
49
glucose tolerance test (GTT)
screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken at regular intervals following the dose to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
50
insulin tolerance test (ITT)
diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein, causing severe hypoglycemia to assess growth hormone and cortisol reserve
51
thyroid function test (TFT)
test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
52
total calcium test
test that measure blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption, or an overactive thyroid
53
radioactive iodine uptake
nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with an RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland
54
parathyroidectomy
excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism
55
thyroidectomy
excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)
56
transsphenoidal
endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue
57
insulin injection therapy
life-long therapy using a fine needle and syringe to inject insulin for controlling type 1 diabetes
58
insulin pump therapy
treatment for type 1 diabetes that uses a device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter placed under the skin
