Endocrine System 1

Question 1

T/F hormones of the anterior pituitary gland have important uses as drugs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Growth hormone does what to the liver? What does this lead to?

Answer 2

It tells the liver to make insulin-like growth factor 1.

This leads to cartilage and bone growth as well as muscle and other organ growth- basically protein synthesis

Question 3

The hypothalamus secretes growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin. What effects do they have generally on growth hormone?

Answer 3

Somatostatin- negative effect on GH

GHRH- positive effect on GH

Question 4

As there is more GH floating around, what happens to levels of GHRH?

Answer 4

GH acts as a negative regulator of GHRH. High levels of GH will also induce the secretion of Somatostatin.

Question 5

FSH, LH and hCG therapeutics- what are they used for?

Answer 5

They’re used to induce ovulation in women who don’t have the necessary hormone levels to ovulate.
They’re also used to treat male infertility in cases that are not treatable with androgens alone

Question 6

What are the two hormones of the posterior pituitary?

Answer 6

Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)

Question 7

What does vasopressin do? (this is more of a physio review question- there’s another question that’s very similar later, and that’s more from Dr. Young’s material)

Answer 7

It facilitates water retention by acting on the distal convoluted tube of the kidney and increases the expression of aquaporins

Question 8

V1 receptors for vasopressin are found where? What do they do?

Answer 8

Found on vascular smooth muscle.

They cause contraction of vascular smooth muscle

Question 9

V2 receptors for vasopressin are found where and what do they do?

Answer 9

They’re found on kidney tubules and they mediate water retention.

Question 10

The clinical uses of vasopressin are few in number, 3 in fact. What are they?

Answer 10

Treatment of diabetes insipious
Treatment of certain types of bleeding problems
Treatment of bed wetting

Question 11

Vasopressin antagonists are used to treat what?

Answer 11

Low sodium concentration in the blood. This is kind of counter intuitive because vasopressin facilitates the reabsorption of sodium into the blood from the filtrate. But it works, so just know that it does.

Question 12

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 12

It induces contraction of uterine smooth muscle
It elicits milk ejection in lactating women
It is also the cuddle hormone

Question 13

T/F oxytocin can induce labor?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

An oxytocin antagonist would do what?

Answer 14

halt premature labor

Question 15

What are some genera effects of thyroid hormone?

Answer 15

increased heat production

increased carbohydrate metabolism

Question 16

T/F thyroid hormone stimulates the secretion of GH?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What causes you to get a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)?

Answer 17

Iodine deficiency.

Or autoimmune disease

Question 18

T4 is the dominant for of TH in the plasma. T3 is also present, but in smaller amounts. Which one is more active?

Answer 18

T3 because you can then take all your T4 and turn it into T3

Question 19

Where does TH affect the cell at?

Answer 19

It acts like a steroid hormone and goes directly to the nucleus- has a nuclear receptor.

Question 20

Just know about hypo and hyperthyroidism.

Answer 20

Yes, we’ve done this before

Question 21

To treat hyperthyroidism, what are some possible treatments?

Answer 21

Well you can block the hormone synthesis

You can eat more iodine