Endocrine self-study Flashcards
WHat Hypothyroidism drug is used in myxedema coma?
Liothyronie (used in emergency)
When on glucocorticoids for replacement therapy how many times are you supposed to take during times of stress?
May need to increase the dosage due to stress and take 3 times the usual does for 3 days
What does the Anterior Pituitary ACTH stimulate?
stimulates glucocorticoids release
What does the andreal gland secrete?
Secrete glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Adverse effects of glucocorticoids on the Cardiovascular, CNS, and endocrine symptom?
Cardiovascular:
-Heart failure, cardiac edema, hypertension
due to electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypernatremia), enhanced SNS
CNS:
-Convulsions, headache, vertigo, mood swings, nervousness, insomnia, “steroid psychosis,” others
Endocrine:
-Growth suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, menstrual irregularities, carbohydrate intolerance, hyperglycemia, others
GI: peptic ulcers
Integumentary: fragile skin, poor wound healing
Ocular: glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure
Contradictions of use for glucocorticoids?
Serious infections,(systemic fungal infections) (this can produce a negative immunosuppressant and not help to heal)
these are only contradicted when used for replacement therapy….mainly only when used as an immunosuppressant
What is the oral gulcocorticoid drug of choice for anti-inflammatory purposes?
Prednisone - most commonly use as Po, needs to be metabolised in order to see effects
What are the primary reasons for hypothyroidism?
Primary: Abnormalitly to the thyroid gland itself
Secondary: When cause is other body system dysfunction
Goiters can occur in?
Hypo and hyperthyroidism, both are an over stimulation of the thyroid gland
What else can Desmopression used for outside of diabetes insipitus?
Used for clotting disorders (hemophila A)
Client Implication for glucocorticoids?
Sudden discontinuations of glucocorticoids can precipitate an adrenal crisis
(low BP, dehydration, dizziness)
Adverse effects of excess glucocorticoids? Symptoms?
Cushing’s Syndrome:
Moon face
Buffalo hump (fat deposits on neck)
Abdominal fat
Thin arms and legs
Stria (red markings)
What do Glucocorticoids help to control? What do they inhibit?
Inflammatory and immune responses (alter the gene expression of many proteins)
Inhibit cytokine, COX, immune cell profusion
What drug is used to treat acromegaly?
Octreotide (mimics somatostatin, which results in less GH release from the pituitary)
-Not a first-line treatment
When given as a injection what does somatropin stimulate?
It stimulates skeleta growth in patients deficient in GH
-Injectable peptide growth hormone for hormone deficiency
What is Vasopression and Desmopression used to treat?
Used to treat diabetes insipitus to reduce urinary output and severe thirst ‘
Desmopressin is preferred because it can be given PO
How are oral glucocorticoids identified?
All end with “one”
Growth hormone excess is called?
Acromegaly (excess growth hormone in adulthood, bones thicken)
How are glucocorticoids adminsterd?
Inhalation: Ex asthma
Nasally: For rhinitis and to prevent the recurrence of polyps after surgical removal
Topically: For inflammations of eye, ear and skin
(Given locally and won’t have systematic effects)
Systemic: as hormone replacement and immunosuppression
What is levothyroxine used for? how long does it take to see the effects? What is it the prefered treatment for?
It is used for the treatment of hypothyroidism.
-Preferred agent for maintenance therapy
-May take 4 - 6 weeks to see theraputic effects
Mechanism of action/how do glucocorticoids work?
*Alter gene expression of many proteins (can change the cell’s ability to make new proteins) -True when glucocorticoids are used as a replacement therapy
What drug is used to treat acromegaly?
Octreotide (mimics somatostatin, which results in less GH release from the pituitary)
-Not a first-line treatment
Indications of use for glucocorticoids/ when do we use them? What kind of deficiency can they be used for?
-Chronic respiratory illnesses eg asthma and COPD
-Organ transplant - given to help stop organ rejection after a transplant
- Also used for adrenocortical deficiency (replacement therapy) - given for loss of body cortisol (physiological replacement to replace lost cortisol)
GI diseases and dermatological disease
When treating hypothyroids what do patients need to report?
Chest pain or heart palpitations
