Endocrine-Porth

Question 1

Anterior pituitary gland develops from?

Answer 1

glandular tissue

Question 2

Posterior pituitary gland develops from?

Answer 2

neural tissue

Question 3

Emotion, pain, body temp, neural input communicated to the endocrine system at the level of the?

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

Bridge for signal relay to the pituitary gland:

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

Posterior pituitary hormones=?

Answer 5

ADH & Oxytocin

Question 6

Hypothalamic hormones that regulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones=?

Answer 6

GH-releasing hormone, Somatostatin, Dopamine, TRH, CRH, GnRH

Question 7

Functions as inhibitory hormone for GH and TSH

Answer 7

Somatostatin

Question 8

Prolactin secretion is inhibited by?

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Considered the “master gland”

Answer 9

Pituitary gland

Question 10

Controls secretion of thyroid hormone

Answer 10

TSH

Question 11

Control glucocorticoid hormone levels

Answer 11

ACTH

Question 12

ACTH controls release of _____ from the adrenal gland

Answer 12

cortisol

Question 13

Control functions of the gonads

Answer 13

LH/FSH

Question 14

Control body growth and metabolism

Answer 14

GH

Question 15

Influencing factors that can alter feedback regulation of hormone levels:

Answer 15

Stress, environmental temp, nutritional status

Question 16

Hypofunction; absence or impaired development of a gland; absence of enzyme needed for hormone synthesis

Answer 16

Congenital defect

Question 17

Hypofunction; disruption in blood flow, infection, inflammation, autoimmune responses, neoplastic growth

Answer 17

Gland destruction

Question 18

Hypofunction; aging, atrophy d/t drug therapy

Answer 18

Functional decline

Question 19

Excessive stimulation and hyperplasia of endocrine gland; hormone producing tumor, paraneoplastic hormone-producing tumor, administration of exogenous hormones.

Answer 19

Hyperfunction

Question 20

Disorder that originates in the target gland

Answer 20

Primary

Question 21

Disorder that the functions are altered by defective levels of pituitary hormones

Answer 21

Secondary

Question 22

Disorder of hypothalamic dysfunction so both pituitary and target gland under stimulated

Answer 22

Tertiary

Question 23

Too little hormone action; congenital defects, damage from disease, atrophy d/t aging/drugs

Answer 23

HYPOFUNCITON

Question 24

Too much hormone action; excessive stimulation of gland, hormone-producing tumor, administration of exogenous hormone

Answer 24

HYPERFUNCITON

Question 25

Inhibits the anterior pituitary

Answer 25

somatostatin

Question 26

hypoglycemia, fasting, starvation, and stress stimulate __ secretion

Answer 26

GH

Question 27

increased glucose levels, free fatty acid release, obesity, and cortisol inhibit __ secretion.

Answer 27

GH

Question 28

Lack of hypothalamic GHRH leas to...

Answer 28

idiopathic GH deficiency

Question 29

Lack of GH leads to....

Answer 29

Pituitary tumors, agenesis of pituitary

Question 30

Abnormal GH receptor leads to....

Answer 30

Laron-type dwarfism

Question 31

Growth hormone excess BEFORE puberty leads to:

Answer 31

gigantism (excessive long bone growth)

Question 32

Growth hormone excess AFTER puberty leads to:

Answer 32

acromegaly (exaggerated growth of extremities)

Question 33

Parathyroid gland secrete ___ which increases blood Ca levels:

Answer 33

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 34

Stimulates release of Ca from bone (resorption); stimulates vitamin D activation by kidney to increase intestinal Ca absorption

Answer 34

PTH

Question 35

Thyroid (parafollicular) C cells secrete ___ which decreases blood Ca levels

Answer 35

calcitonin

Question 36

Inhibits intestinal Ca absorption; inhibits osteoclast and stimulates osteoblast activity in bone; inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of Ca

Answer 36

Calcitonin

Question 37

Follicular cells secrete:

Answer 37

thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)

Question 38

Which thyroid hormone stimulates metabolism?

Answer 38

T3

Question 39

Thyroid insufficiency due to lack of ___

Answer 39

iodine*

Question 40

Includes Hashimoto thyroiditis (autoimmune) & thyroidectomy

Answer 40

Hypothyroidism

Question 41

Includes Grave's disease (autoimmune) & thyroid tumors

Answer 41

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

Question 42

Hypothalamus secretes ___ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ___ which stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX to secrete___

Answer 42

1. CRH 2. ACTH 3. Cortisol

Question 43

A glucocorticoid=

Answer 43

Cortisol

Question 44

A mineralocorticoid=

Answer 44

Aldosterone

Question 45

INCREASES catabolism of fat and muscle tissues, free fatty acids and their use for energy, gluconeogenesis, blood glucose levels, SNS response:

Answer 45

Cortisol

Question 46

SUPPRESSES the immune and inflammatory systems:

Answer 46

Cortisol

Question 47

Rare, caused by infection (TB) or autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex; high levels of ACTH result

Answer 47

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's)

Question 48

Hypopituitarism (low levels of ACTH)

Answer 48

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Question 49

Glucocorticoid hormone excess=

Answer 49

Cushing syndrome

Question 50

Pituitary tumor-> excess ACTH

Answer 50

Cushing's disease

Question 51

Adrenal tumor=

Answer 51

hypercortisolism

Question 52

Non-pituitary tumor-> ACTH production-> excess cortisol

Answer 52

Ectopic Cushing syndrome

Question 53

Measures unbound portion of T4 that is free to enter cells and produce effects

Answer 53

Free T4

Question 54

Measures ability of thyroid gland to remove and concentrate iodine from blood

Answer 54

Radioiodine uptake

Question 55

Adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 55

Adrenal medulla (10%)

Question 56

Adrenal gland that secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, adrenal androgen

Answer 56

Adrenal cortex (90%)

Question 57

Principal mineralocorticoid=

Answer 57

aldosterone