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Casey: Endocrine > Endocrine-Porth > Flashcards

Endocrine-Porth Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior pituitary gland develops from?

A

glandular tissue

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary gland develops from?

A

neural tissue

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3
Q

Emotion, pain, body temp, neural input communicated to the endocrine system at the level of the?

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

Bridge for signal relay to the pituitary gland:

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones=?

A

ADH & Oxytocin

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6
Q

Hypothalamic hormones that regulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones=?

A

GH-releasing hormone, Somatostatin, Dopamine, TRH, CRH, GnRH

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7
Q

Functions as inhibitory hormone for GH and TSH

A

Somatostatin

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8
Q

Prolactin secretion is inhibited by?

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

Considered the “master gland”

A

Pituitary gland

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10
Q

Controls secretion of thyroid hormone

A

TSH

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11
Q

Control glucocorticoid hormone levels

A

ACTH

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12
Q

ACTH controls release of _____ from the adrenal gland

A

cortisol

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13
Q

Control functions of the gonads

A

LH/FSH

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14
Q

Control body growth and metabolism

A

GH

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15
Q

Influencing factors that can alter feedback regulation of hormone levels:

A

Stress, environmental temp, nutritional status

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16
Q

Hypofunction; absence or impaired development of a gland; absence of enzyme needed for hormone synthesis

A

Congenital defect

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17
Q

Hypofunction; disruption in blood flow, infection, inflammation, autoimmune responses, neoplastic growth

A

Gland destruction

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18
Q

Hypofunction; aging, atrophy d/t drug therapy

A

Functional decline

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19
Q

Excessive stimulation and hyperplasia of endocrine gland; hormone producing tumor, paraneoplastic hormone-producing tumor, administration of exogenous hormones.

A

Hyperfunction

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20
Q

Disorder that originates in the target gland

A

Primary

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21
Q

Disorder that the functions are altered by defective levels of pituitary hormones

A

Secondary

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22
Q

Disorder of hypothalamic dysfunction so both pituitary and target gland under stimulated

A

Tertiary

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23
Q

Too little hormone action; congenital defects, damage from disease, atrophy d/t aging/drugs

A

HYPOFUNCITON

24
Q

Too much hormone action; excessive stimulation of gland, hormone-producing tumor, administration of exogenous hormone

A

HYPERFUNCITON

25
Q

Inhibits the anterior pituitary

A

somatostatin

26
Q

hypoglycemia, fasting, starvation, and stress stimulate __ secretion

A

GH

27
Q

increased glucose levels, free fatty acid release, obesity, and cortisol inhibit __ secretion.

A

GH

28
Q

Lack of hypothalamic GHRH leas to…

A

idiopathic GH deficiency

29
Q

Lack of GH leads to….

A

Pituitary tumors, agenesis of pituitary

30
Q

Abnormal GH receptor leads to….

A

Laron-type dwarfism

31
Q

Growth hormone excess BEFORE puberty leads to:

A

gigantism (excessive long bone growth)

32
Q

Growth hormone excess AFTER puberty leads to:

A

acromegaly (exaggerated growth of extremities)

33
Q

Parathyroid gland secrete ___ which increases blood Ca levels:

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

34
Q

Stimulates release of Ca from bone (resorption); stimulates vitamin D activation by kidney to increase intestinal Ca absorption

A

PTH

35
Q

Thyroid (parafollicular) C cells secrete ___ which decreases blood Ca levels

A

calcitonin

36
Q

Inhibits intestinal Ca absorption; inhibits osteoclast and stimulates osteoblast activity in bone; inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of Ca

A

Calcitonin

37
Q

Follicular cells secrete:

A

thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)

38
Q

Which thyroid hormone stimulates metabolism?

A

T3

39
Q

Thyroid insufficiency due to lack of ___

A

iodine*

40
Q

Includes Hashimoto thyroiditis (autoimmune) & thyroidectomy

A

Hypothyroidism

41
Q

Includes Grave’s disease (autoimmune) & thyroid tumors

A

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

42
Q

Hypothalamus secretes ___ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ___ which stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX to secrete___

A
  1. CRH
  2. ACTH
  3. Cortisol
43
Q

A glucocorticoid=

A

Cortisol

44
Q

A mineralocorticoid=

A

Aldosterone

45
Q

INCREASES catabolism of fat and muscle tissues, free fatty acids and their use for energy, gluconeogenesis, blood glucose levels, SNS response:

A

Cortisol

46
Q

SUPPRESSES the immune and inflammatory systems:

A

Cortisol

47
Q

Rare, caused by infection (TB) or autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex; high levels of ACTH result

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s)

48
Q

Hypopituitarism (low levels of ACTH)

A

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

49
Q

Glucocorticoid hormone excess=

A

Cushing syndrome

50
Q

Pituitary tumor-> excess ACTH

A

Cushing’s disease

51
Q

Adrenal tumor=

A

hypercortisolism

52
Q

Non-pituitary tumor-> ACTH production-> excess cortisol

A

Ectopic Cushing syndrome

53
Q

Measures unbound portion of T4 that is free to enter cells and produce effects

A

Free T4

54
Q

Measures ability of thyroid gland to remove and concentrate iodine from blood

A

Radioiodine uptake

55
Q

Adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla (10%)

56
Q

Adrenal gland that secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, adrenal androgen

A

Adrenal cortex (90%)

57
Q

Principal mineralocorticoid=

A

aldosterone

Casey: Endocrine (5 decks)

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