Endocrine Patho Flashcards
What is pituitary gland?
Double gland located at base of skull attached to hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary hormones
FLAT PEG
FSH
LH
ACHT
TSH
Prolactin
Endorphin
Growth hormone
Posterior Pituitary hormones
Anti-OXidant
Anti-diuretic hormone
Oxytocin
What is Hypothalamus?
Connects nervous system and endocrine system. Regulates anterior hormones.
Thyroid gland
-Located below larynx at upper part of trachea
-regulates growth and development
-produces T4 and T3 and calcitonin (secreted when high levels of calcium are detected)
-lowers blood calcium.
Parathyroid
-Located posterior thyroid (4 tiny glands)
-raises blood calcium
-produces PTH
Thymus
-Located in thorax
-produces t-lymphocytes
Adrenal gland
-located above both kidneys
-contains cortex and medulla
Cortex main hormones
Salt - Aldosterone- regulates sodium and potassium balance - controls blood pressure
Sugar - Cortisol - regulates metabolism, suppress inflammation, helps body respond to stress
Sex - Androgens and Estrogens
Medulla main hormones
Adrenalin (epi)
Noradrenaline (norepi)
Gonads
Ovaries - estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Testes - test
Pineal gland
-located in forebrain
-produces melatonin
Pancreas
-located behind stomach on right side
-mixed gland
-hormone regulation
-digestion
Where is insulin produced and what is its function?
Produced by beta cells in the islets of langerhans
Lowers BGL, insulin takes in sugar for energy and stores extra sugar in your liver.
Where is glucagon produced and what is its function?
produced by alpha cells in the islets of langerhans
Raises BGL, when your blood sugar gets too low glucagon tells your liver to release stored sugar into the blood.
Glucagon- Glycogen- Glucose
What is Glycogenolysis?
Glycogen to glucose. When BGL is low the hormone glucagon signals the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose
What is Gluconeogenesis?
Gluconeogenesis is how your body makes new glucose when it doesn’t have enough from food or glycogen.
What is Negative feedback mechanism
Enough is enough. Mechanism works until variable is back to its original state.
Positive feedback
(Give me more) mechanisms enhance original stimulus i.e childbirth and oxytocin/clotting system
