Endocrine Organ Anatomy

Question 1

Vascular portal system

Answer 1

Capillary bed pools into another capillary bed through veins without first going through heart

Question 2

Thyroid follicle

Answer 2

Absorb iodine from blood for production of thyroid hormones, storage of iodine in thyroglobulin

Question 3

Parathyroid gland hormones

Answer 3

Parathyroid chief cells - make PTH

Oxyphil - function unknown

Question 4

Three zones of adrenal cortex

Answer 4

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Question 5

Chromaffin cell

Answer 5

Neuroendocrine cell in medulla/adrenal gland, releases catecholamines

Question 6

Epinephrine vs. Adrenalin

Answer 6

Same, just different name

Question 7

Function advantage of adrenal medulla

Answer 7

Connected with sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system, lead directly from central nervous system

Question 8

Endocrine vs. exocrine

Answer 8

Endo - produces hormones, direct to blood, islet of Langerhans (four pancreatic cell types)
Exo - secretes into ducts (acinus –> intralobular duct –> pancreatic duct –> duodenum)

Question 9

Pancreatic duct

Answer 9

Duct joining pancreas to common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices for digestion; empties into duodenum

Question 10

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 10

Contains pancreas’ endocrine cells (hormone producing)

Question 11

Four types of endocrine cells in pancreas

Answer 11

Alpha - glucagon - 15-20%
Beta - insulin/amylin - 65-80%
Delta - somatostatin 3-10%
PP (gamma) - pancreatic polypeptide 3-5%

Question 12

Location/size: pituitary gland

Answer 12

middle of base of brain, inferior to hypothalamus; pea size

Question 13

Location/size: thyroid gland

Answer 13

throat/neck; 50-500mm

Question 14

Location/size: parathyroids

Answer 14

throat/neck; grain of rice

Question 15

Location/size: adrenal glands

Answer 15

above kidneys; thumb size

Question 16

Location/size: pancreas

Answer 16

Duodenum, behind stomach; 6 inches