Endocrine Notes Flashcards
What is the Endocrine system
collection of glands located throughout the body which assists in hormone homeostasis
What is Homeostasis
maintenance of a steady state in the processes of the body
What glands are present in the endocrine system
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Adrenal Gland
- Gonad
- Pancreas
What is the function of the Pituitary gland
The pituitary is the master gland. It produces hormones and stimulates production/ release of others
Where is the Pituitary gland located
Base of Brain
Which hormones are secreted by the Pituitary gland
GH
TSH
ACTH
FSH and LH
What is GH and what does it do?
Growth Hormone.
It is in charge of bone health, body cells and growth in general
What is TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone.
What is ACTH? and what does it do?
Adrenocorticotrophic (adrenal glands)
Stimulates the adrenal glands
What is FSH and what does it do?
Follicle stimulating hormone- estrogen in ovary and maturing of sperm in males
What is LH and what does it do?
Lutenizing hormone- progesterone production
What is a medical condition which is affected by a overactive pituitary gland
Giantism
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
Neck
What is the function of the thyroid
Regulation of Metabolism
What hormones are secreted by the thyroid
Thyroxine
What is the abbreviation for thyroxine
T4 also T3 (triiodothyronine)
What is hyperthyroidism
The thyroid is working too hard
What is Hypothyrodism
The thyroid is not working hard enough
Are drugs for Hyper and hypothyroidism interchangeable
no
What are two symptoms of hyperthyroidism
muscle weakness
weight loss
What are two symptoms of hypothyroidism
poor appetite
cold intolerance
Where is the Adrenal gland located
Top of kidneys
What is the function of the adrenal glands
reduces inflammation and regulates mineral and H2O
What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Gland
Glucocorticoids
What does Glucocorticoids do?
Work on inflammation
What diseases are present when the adrenal gland is not functioning properly
- Addison’s (deficiency)
- Cushing’s Cortisol deficiency
- Hyperaldosteronism- aldosterone(excess)
What are Corticosteroids
Natural hormone formed in the adrenal gland
What hormones are secreted from the ovaries
Estrogen and progesterone
What are the function of the gonads
Responsible for sexual reproduction and physical development
What medical conditions are associated with gonads
- Fertility
- Menopause
- Osteoporosis
What cycles are BCP available in
21 days and 28 days
What is Endometriosis
tissue looks and acts like uterus lining grows outside of uterus
What does progesterone help women with
Bone density
What are some symptoms of Menopause
Hot flashes and osteoporosis
The cause is less estrogen and progesterone
What is osteoporosis
Strength and density of bone decrease.
Who is generally affected by Osteoporosis
Mainly women
What hormone is produced in the male Gonads
Testosterone
What is the function of Male gonads
sexual organ and physical development
What is the function of the Pancreas
Regulate blood sugar levels
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas
Insulin
What medical condition is affected by the pancreas
Diabetes mellitus
Where is the pancreas located
below stomach
What is Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and/or effectiveness
What are some complications of Diabetes mellitus
Ketoacidosis retinopathy nephropathy neuropathy increased risk of heart disease
What are some causes of Diabetes Mellitus
lifestyle, environmental, genetic
what are the different types of diabetes
Type 1 insulin dependent
Type 2 non insulin dependent
what are some signs of Diabetes
- increased thirst and urination
- blurred vision
- Skin infections that take long to heal
- weight loss despite increased food intake
- may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and coma
what is the feedback loop for insulin
secreted by b-cells with caloric intake
What does insulin do
transports glucose from blood to cells
