Endocrine & Nervous System. Flashcards
Study and Understand both Systems
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
To regulate body functions through the secretion of hormones
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of the kidneys
What hormones do the adrenal glands release?
- Adrenaline
- Cortisol
What do the ovaries produce?
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
What role does the pancreas play in the body?
Blood sugar regulation
What hormones does the pancreas release?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
Why is the pituitary gland known as the ‘master gland’?
It controls many other glands
Describe the location and shape of the thyroid gland.
Butterfly-shaped and located just below the larynx
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
What is the function of the Islets of Langerhans?
Regulate blood sugar levels
What is the role of the thymus gland?
Supports immune system development, especially in early life
What does testosterone regulate?
Male secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production
What type of diabetes is insulin-dependent?
Type 1 Diabetes
What is another name for Type 1 Diabetes?
Juvenile Diabetes
How does Type 2 Diabetes typically develop?
Later in life, often controlled through diet and lifestyle changes
What is Double Diabetes?
When a person has Type 1 Diabetes and develops insulin resistance
What is the normal glucose range?
80-100 mg/dL
Who does Gestational Diabetes occur in?
Pregnant women
What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the largest part of the brain responsible for higher functions?
The cerebrum
What does the occipital lobe control?
Vision
What are the components of the brainstem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
What does ‘myelinated’ refer to?
Covered, typically referring to the myelin sheath on nerves
What is a head contusion?
A bruise on the brain
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Cushions the brain and spinal cord
Name the three types of neurons.
- Motor neurons
- Sensory neurons
- Interneurons
What occurs during a stroke (CVA)?
Blood supply to the brain is disrupted
What does Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory) control?
Smell
What does Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal) control?
Chewing muscles and sensory branches to the eyes, forehead, and jaw
What does Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) control?
Facial expression, salivation, and taste
What does Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory) control?
Neck and shoulder muscles
What does Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal) control?
Tongue movement
What does ‘neural’ relate to?
Nerves
What is neurology?
The study of the nervous system
What does the prefix ‘Para-‘ in paraplegia mean?
Partial or lower-body paralysis
What does ‘encephalitis’ refer to?
Inflammation of the brain
What does the root word ‘Myel-‘ mean?
Spinal cord or bone marrow
What does the suffix ‘-osis’ indicate?
Abnormal condition
What does ‘neuroplasty’ refer to?
Surgical repair of nerves
What does ‘analgesic’ mean?
Pain relief without sensation
What do the root words in ‘astrocytoma’ refer to?
- Astro-: star-shaped cells
- Cyt-: cells
What does ‘ataxia’ refer to?
Lack of muscle coordination
What can help visualize and memorize cranial nerve functions?
Drawing a cranial nerve diagram
Use _______ to memorize key terms and definitions.
flashcards
Practice labeling _______ of the endocrine and nervous systems.
diagrams
Create _______ for cranial nerve names and functions.
mnemonics
Take _______ quizzes to reinforce learning.
practice
