ENDOCRINE INTRO Flashcards
This system is made up of widely distributed organs whose secretions are poured into the blood to reach the target cells
Endocrine system
What does endocrine system produce?
HORMONES
Endocrine glands are composed of secretory cells arranged in clusters known as
ACINI
Mechanism for regulating hormone concentration in the bloodstream
Negative Feedback
These are chemical substances released by the glands into the blood. Will go to target organ and binds its receptor
Hormones
Hormones classifications
- Peptides or protein hormones (insulin)
- Lipid or steroid hormones (hydrocortisone)
- amines (epinephrine)
- fatty acids derivatives (retinoids)
Hormonal regulation
Hypothalmic-pituitary-endocrine axis
Secretes insulin and a part of the digestive system
Pancreas
What does parathyroid secretes
Calcium and phosphorus for Bones
Located in the brain. has two stimulus and regulates homeostatsis
Pituitary gland
Two stimulus of PG
Stimulatory and Inhibitory
What is attached to the Posterior PG
Neurons, dendrites, axons
What hormones does Posterior PG stores
Oxytocin and ADH (Vasopressin/anti diuretic hormone)
Has a bigger function and has no neurons
Anterior PG
Endocrine Glands
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
What does Anterior Pit gland releasea?
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHRH
Pineal gland is for
Sleep (Circadian rhythm)
Thyroid releases
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Parathyroid releases
Parathyroid hormones
Pancreas releases
Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells
Alpha cells
Glucagon
Beta cells
Insulin
Delta celss
Somatostatin
Gonads are for
Ovary and testes
Bone
Growth Hormone
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid Gland
TSH
Testis and Ovary
Gonadotropic Hormones (FSH & LH)
Skin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Mammary gland
Prolactin
MG and Uterus sm
Oxytocin
Kidney tubules
Anti diuretic hormone
Controls the release of pituitary hormones
Hypothalamus
Hormones controlled by Hypothalamus
Corticotropin RH
Thyrotropin RH
Growth Hormone RH
Gonadotropin RH
Somatostatin
Inhibits Growth Hormone (GH) & Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Somatostatin
Another name for Pituitary gland
Hypophis
Where is PG located
Inferior aspect of the brain
also called the master gland
Pituitary gland
What controls PG
Hypothalamus
Another name for Anterior PG
Adenohypophysis
Hormones produced by Anterior PG
GH
TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
Prolactin
MSH
Increases protein synthesis in many tissues
GH
Increases the breakdown of fatty acids in adipose tissue
GH
Increases glucose level in the blood
GH
Essential for normal growth (bone & muscle)
GH
Stress, Exercise & Hypoglycemia increases secretion of this hormone
GH
Stimulates synthesis & secretion of Adrenal hormones
ACTH
Stimulates synthesis & secretion of thyroid hormones
TSH
Stimulates growth of ovarian follicle
Ovulation
FSH Female
Sperm production
FSH Male
Development of Corpus Luteum. Release oocyte. Production of Estrogen & Progesterone
LH Female
Secretion of testosterone. Development of interstitial tissue of testes
LH Male
Prepares female breast for breast feeding
Prolactin
Development of skin pigmentation
MSH
Also suppresses appetite
MSH
Helps also regulate the hormone Aldosterone
MSH
Increases when you exposed to UV light
MSH
Specialized cells of skin
Melanocytes
Produce Melanin. Helps protect cells from skin cancer
Melanocytes
Another name for Posterior PG
Neurohypophysis
This lobe does not secrete hormones but only stores hormones
Posterior PG
Also known as Vasopressin
adh
Increases water reabsorption by kidney
ADH
Stimulated by an increase in the osmolality of the blood or low BP
ADH
Facilitates milk ejection during lactation
Oxytocin
Increases uterine contractions during labor & delivery
Oxytocin
Another name for Pineal Gland
Epiphysis
Located deeply in the center of the brain
Pineal Gland
