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GI personal > Endocrine Hx and Exam > Flashcards

Endocrine Hx and Exam Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: the thyroid regulates body’s metabolism and has NO effect on calcium levels

A

True

[Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels and have no effect on body’s metabolism]

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2
Q

Viscerosomatic reflex for thyroid and parathyroid

A

T1-T4

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3
Q

Where/what enzyme converts vit D to active form?

A

Kidney - 1 alpha hydroxylase

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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5
Q

Cuases of hypoparathyroidism

A

Surgical removal of glands during thyroidectomy
DiGeorge syndrome
Hereditary autoimmunity syndrome

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6
Q

Signs/symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: neuropsych

A

seizures, dementia, anxiety, depression, extrapyramidal symptoms like parkinsonism

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7
Q

Signs/symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: neuromuscular

A

Paresthesia around mouth and fingers/toes, muscle stiffness, myalgia and spasms

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8
Q

Signs/symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: CV

A

CHF, hypotension, prolonged QT interval

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9
Q

Signs/symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: autonomic

A

Biliary colic
Bronchospasm
Diaphoresis

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10
Q

Signs/symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: other

A 
Cataracts
Dry coarse skin
Hyperpigmentation
Eczema
Steatorrhea
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11
Q

Test for hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia)

A

Chvostek sign

Trousseau’s sign

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12
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism most common cause

A

Adenomas (may be associated with MEN1)

[other causes are hyperplasia, carcinoma]

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13
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Low calcium causes high PTH

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14
Q

About 90% of hypercalcemia is caused by

A

Hyperparathyroidism or malignancy

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15
Q

CNS, Renal, GI, and Cardiac symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Lethargy, weakness, confusion, coma

Polyuria, dehydration, nocturia, renal stones, renal failure

Constipation, nausea, anorexia, gastric ulcer, pancreatitis

Syncope from arrhythmias

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16
Q 
Stones
Bones
Groans
Thrones
Psychiatric overtones
A

Hyperparathyroidism

17
Q

Biologically active thyroid hormone

A

T3

18
Q

MCC of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

[others include lithium medications, pregnancy, tx for hyperthyroidism, or thyroidectomy]

19
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroid

A 
Constipation
Depression
Fatigue
Pale/dry skin
Sensitivity to cold
Elevated cholesterol
Dry brittle nails and hair
Weight gain
20
Q

MCC of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

[others: toxic nodular goider, thyroiditis, excess consumption of iodine or amiodarone, pregnancy]

21
Q

Classic grave’s sign

A

Exophthalmos “proptosis”

22
Q

USPSTF recommendation for thyroid screen

A

Grade I = insufficient evidence; no recommendation

23
Q

Primary vs. secondary addisons disease (adrenal insufficiency)

A

Primary = adrenal problem

Secondary = due to lack of ACTH

24
Q

Symptoms of addison’s disease

A

N/V/D in about 50% of cases

Salty food craving

Hypotension

Skin and oral hyperpigmentation

25
Q

What causes addisonian crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency), what are symptoms

A

Times of stress (illness, surgery, etc)

Sudden penetrating pain of back, extremities, vomiting, diarrhea

26
Q

Most common cause of endogenous form of cushing syndrome

A

Cushing’s disease

27
Q

Difference between addisons, cushing’s disease, and cushing’s syndrome

A

Addisons = adrenal insufficiency

Cushing’s disease = adrenal overproduction of cortisol d/t tumor, MCC of cushing’s syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome = adrenal overproduction d/t endogenous or exogenous cause

28
Q

When cushing’s syndrome is caused by a _______ tumor, it is called cushing’s disease

A

Pituitary tumor

29
Q

Symptoms of cushing syndrome

A

Fatigue and sleeping problems

Headaches

Backaches

Swelling

Irritability

Repeated infections, poorly healing wounds

Acne, hair loss

30
Q

Signs of cushings

A

Round face

Abdominal striae

Buffalo hump

Easy bruising

Excess facial hair

31
Q

Acanthosis nigracans may indicate what condition

A

Diabetes

32
Q

54 y/o female presents with tingling of toes and lips. She also notes muscle spasms. PMH includes hyperthyroidism with thryoidectomy 9 months ago. She is now on thyroid replacement meds. Current TSH is 4.9 (normal is 0.5-5) what is the cause of her sx?

A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Hyperparathyroidism
E. Cushing syndrome
A

C. Hypoparathryroidism

GI personal (23 decks)

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