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MCAT Biology > Endocrine Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A 
AKA TSH
Trigger: Low thyroid hormone levels
Action: Stimulates release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid (T3 and T4)
Source: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Thyroid
Type: Peptide hormone, Tropic hormone
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2
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A 
AKA ACTH
Trigger: low cortisol levels
Action: Stimulates adrenal cortex
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: Adrenal cortex
Type: Peptide Hormone, Tropic hormone
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3
Q

Lutenizing Hormone

A

AKA LH
Trigger: Low estrogen or testosterone levels, GnRH release during the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen during luteal surge
Action: Ovulation and estrogen or testosterone release
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: Gonads
Type: Peptide hormone, Tropic hormone

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4
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

AKA FSH
Trigger: Low inhibin, GnRH release during menstrual cycle
Action: Promotes growth of follicles or sperm production
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: Gonads
Type: Peptide Hormone, Tropic hormone

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5
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin

A 
AKA HCG
Trigger: Pregnancy
Action: Maintenance of the corpus luteum
Source: Placenta
Target: Gonads
Type: Peptide, Tropic hormone
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6
Q

Aldosterone

A

Trigger: Low sodium levels, low blood osmolarity
Action: Increases sodium reabsorption, increased blood pressure
Source: Adrenal cortex
Target: Nephron distal tubule
Type: Steroid hormone
Blood chemistry hormone that affects sodium and osmolarity

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7
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

AKA ADH
Trigger: Low blood pressure
Action: Increases water reabsorption, increased blood pressure
Source: Posterior pituitary
Target: Nephron collecting duct
Type: Peptide hormone
Affects blood chemistry through sodium and osmolarity

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8
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A 
Trigger: Low blood calcium
Action: Increases blood calcium
Source: Parathyroid
Target: Bones, kidneys, GI tract
Type: Peptide hormone
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9
Q

Calcitonin

A 
Trigger: High blood calcium
Action: Decreases blood calcium
Source: Thyroid
Target: Bones, kidneys, GI tract
Type: Peptide hormone
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10
Q

Insulin

A 
Trigger: High blood glucose
Action: Decreases blood glucose
Source: Pancreas
Target: Systemic
Type: Peptide hormone
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11
Q

Glucagon

A 
Trigger: Low blood glucose
Action: Increases blood glucose
Source: Pancreas
Target: Liver, adipocytes
Type: Peptide hormone
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12
Q

Human Growth Hormone

A

AKA HGH or Somatotropin
Trigger: Periods of growth and development
Action: Increases blood glucose, long bone growth
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: Systemic
Type: Peptide Hormone

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Trigger: Stress
Action: Increases blood glucose, transcription of target genes
Source: Adrenal medulla
Target: Systemic
Type: Tyrosine derivative
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14
Q

Cortisol

A 
Trigger: Stress
Action: Increases blood glucose, transcription of target genes
Source: Adrenal cortex
Target: Systemic
Type: Tyrosine derivative
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15
Q

Triiodothyronine

A 
AKA T3
Trigger: Low levels of thyroid hormone
Action: Increases basal metabolic rate
Source: Thyroid
Target: Systemic
Type: Tyrosine derivative
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16
Q

Thyroxine

A 
AKA T4
Trigger: Low levels of thyroid
Action: Increases basal metabolic rate
Source: Thyroid
Target: Systemic
Type: Tyrosine derivative
17
Q

Estrogen

A 
Trigger: Lutenizing hormone
Action: Female secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle regulation
Source: Ovaries
Target: Systemic
Type: Steroid hormone
18
Q

Testosterone

A 
Trigger: Lutenizing hormone
Action: Male secondary sex characteristics
Source: Testes
Target: Systemic
Type: Steroid hormones
19
Q

Progesterone

A

Trigger: Human chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Action: Maintains the uterus for pregnancy
Source: Ovaries, placenta
Target: Endometrium
Type: Steroid hormones

20
Q

Oxytocin

A 
Trigger: Birth, breastfeeding
Action: Stimulates uterine, mammary gland contractions
Source: Posterior pituitary
Target: Breasts, uterus
Type: Peptide hormone

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