Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Anatomy Unit 6 > Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands Flashcards

0
Q

Properties of endocrine glands

A
  • most endocrine glands consist of epithelial tissues
  • some derived from NCC or neurons
  • no ducts are present
  • highly vascular
  • hormones may be stored in intracellular secretory granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Hormones

A
  • act long distance
  • distributed by circulation
  • released into the bloodstream of interstitial fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydrophilic hormones

A
  • can’t permeate membrane
  • receptors on cell surface and act through secondary messengers
  • peptides, glycoproteins, modified amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Membrane permeable hormones

A
  • receptors are intracellular DNA binding proteins that affect transcription
  • steroid and thyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells producing peptide hormones

A

Abundant RER
Prominent Golgi
Hormones stored in secretory granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells producing steroid hormones

A

Centrally located nucleus
Lipid droplets in cytoplasm
Abundant smooth ER for cholesterol synthesis
Spherical mitochondria with tubular or vesicular cristae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pea sized gland that hangs by a stalk from hypothalamus
Dual embryonic origin-anterior from oral ectoderm and consists of epi
Post from neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior pit

A

From oral ectoderm
Andenohypophysis
Produces a variety of hormones that regulate body growth, milk production, and functions of other endocrine glands
Pars tuberalis, pars distalis, pars intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior pit

A

Neuro hypophysis
Contains no secretory cells
Stores and releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Histological features of ant pit

A

Chromophils or chopromophobes

-chromophils divided into basophils and acidophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chromophobes

A

Stem cells or cells that already secreted their granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acidophils

A

GPA-GH, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Basophils cells

A

BFLAT
-FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
ACTH is small polypeptide hormone, others are glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Somatotropic cell

A 
Acidophilic
50% of cells
Secretes somatotropin (GH)
Growth of long bones and other growth processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lactotropic cell

A

Acidophilic
15-20% of cells
Prolactin
Stimulates secretion of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gonadotropic cell

A

Basophilic
10% of cells
FSH LH
Gametogenesis (FSH) and regulation of estrogen and androgens, promotes ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyrotropic cell

A

Basophilic
5% of cells
TSH
stimulates thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Corticotropic cell

A

Basophilic
15-20% of cells
ACTH and beta-lipotropin
Stim adrenal cortical secretion and promotes utilization of fat

18
Q

Pars distalis and tuberalis

A

Each cell type secretes one hormone type
Except gonadotropic and corticotropic (2)

Cells can be distinguished by immunostaining for specific hormones or by electron microscopy because their granules are different sizes

19
Q

Pars intermedia

A

Largely inactive in adult

Colloid filled follicles and rathkes cysts

20
Q

Post pit 2

A

No secretory cells
Neurons and glial cells called pituicytes
Cell bodies in hypothalamus
Hormones are vasopressin and oxytocin
Hormones are stored in dilated axons called herring bodies

21
Q

ADH

A

Regulation of blood osmolarity

Increases water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts

22
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulation of uterine contraction during childbirth and contraction of myoepithelial cells of mammary glands during nursing

23
Q

Hypopthalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

Hypothal regulates functions of adenohypophysis via releasing and inhibiting hormones
No neural connections
Hormones produced in hypothal get to pit via specialized blood system
Portal system

24
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Located above each kidney

Cortex and medulla

25
Q

Cortex of adrenal gland

A

Epithelial origin
3 concentric zones
Zonal glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Have features of steroid producing cell:central nucleus acidophilic cyto with lipid droplets, smooth ER, spherical mito

26
Q

Medulla of adrenal gland

A

Neuronal origin
Cells contain electron dense secretory granules that react with chromium and silver
Produces catechols

27
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A 
Rounded cords of cells
Steroid producing cells-foaming 
Mineralocorticoids-aldosterone produced
Salt 
Regulation of salt balance
Regulated by angiotensin II
28
Q

Zona fasciculata

A 
Long cords
Steroid producing cells-extra foamy
Glucocorticoids-cortisol produced 
Sugar,stress 
Regulation of glucose metabolism
Regulated by ACTH
29
Q

Zona reticularis

A 
Irregular mesh work
Steroid producing cells
Produces cortisol and weak androgen 
Glucose regulation and testosterone production 
Regulated ACTH 
Sex
30
Q

Medulla 2

A 
Cords or clumps
Cells react with chrome or salts
Secretes catechols
Fight or flight response 
Regulated by sns
31
Q

Pancreas

A

Compact masses of endocrine tissue embedded within the exocrine tissue
Polygonal or round cells arranged in cords
Typical protein secreting cells
Lightly stained
Cells contain secretory granules
Produce polypeptide hormones

32
Q

Alpha cells

A

20%
Periphery of islets
Glucagon
Increases blood glucose by promoting conversion of glycogen

33
Q

Beta cells

A

70%
Centrally located
Insulin
Lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose storage

34
Q

Delta cells

A

5-10%
Somatostatin
Inhibits release of other islet cell hormones-local paracrine effect
Inhibits release of GH and TSH by pit and HCl secretion by gastric parietal cells

35
Q

F or pp cells

A

Rare
Pancreatic polypeptide
Stimulates activity of gastric chief cells, inhibits bile and pancreatic enzyme secretion

36
Q

Thyroid

A

Located anterior to trachea
Consists of follicles-spherical structures lined by simple epithelium filled with colloid
Colloid consists of storage form of thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin

37
Q

Follicular cells

A

Vary in shape from cuboidal to low columnar
Have features characteristic of protein secreting cells
Regulated by TSH
Thyroid hormone (3,4) regulate basal metabolic rate, body growth and development, heat production

38
Q

Parafollicular cells

C cells

A 
Larger in size than follicular cells
Appear pale in h and e preps
Located within the basal lamina of the follicles or between follicles
Can be shiny 
Produce calcitonin 
Regulated by blood calcium levels
39
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Four small oval glands located on the back of the thyroid
Chief cells
Oxyphil cells

40
Q

Chief cells

A 
Small polygonal cells
Pale staining, slightly acidophilic
Product PTH 
Increases ca by regulating osteoclasts, kidney excretion and intestinal absorption
Abundant 
Regulated by calcium level in plasma
41
Q

Oxyphil cells

A

Large
Highly acidophilic
Less abundant
Unknown function

42
Q

Endocrine functions of non-endocrine organs

A

Heart- atrial natriuretic peptide
Kidney- erythropoietin, renin
Stomach and small intestine-enteric hormones
Adipose tissue-leptin regulates appetite and metabolism, adiponectin-regulates fatty acid and glucose metabolism and modifies sensitivity to insulin
Steroid hormones

Micro Anatomy Unit 6 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions