endocrine dysfunction Flashcards
what does the endocrine system do
produces and releases hormones
chemical messengers that stimulate and/ or regulate actions of endocrine galnds
what influences physiologic effects
growth and development
metabolic process related to fluid and electrolyte balance and energy production
sexual maturation and reproduction
body’s response to stress
hypofunction
deficiency
hyperfunction
excess
what is nephrogenic DI
ineffective action of vasopressin in kidney
transmitted genetically
acquired due to chronic renal disease
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
what is central DI
disorder of posterior pituitary gland
most common form of DI
polydipsia (excess thirst)
polyuria (excessive urination)
results of complication from head trauma or after cranial surgery
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what is the most common chronic disease
diabetes
type 1 diabetes
deficiency of insulin secretion to take up glucose
autoimmune
hyperglycemia
body’s inability to use its main source of fuel
glycosuria- sugar in urine
polyuria- pee all the time
diabetic ketoacidosis
type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance occurs at level of skeletal muscle, liver, and fatty tissue
gradual inset
family history
usually obsese
what do we want to avoid
diabetic ketoacidosis
what does DKA cause
anorexia
N/V
lethargy
stupor
altered consciousness
confusion
decreased skin turgor
abdominal pain
greater sigsn or DKA
kussmaul respirations and air hunger
fruity or acetone breath odor
ketones in urine and blood
tachycardia
what happens if DKA left untreated
coma and death
most common in teenage kids moving out- done with it
complications of DKA
growth stunting
poor wound healing
recurrent infections
retinopathy
nuropathy
cadiodiseases
damage to blood vesels and nerves
what is the priority interventuon for diabetes
educations
how does education help
child and family’s to self manage
lifelong condition
Daily management of DM
measuing glucose
urine ketone testing
medications
signs and symp
school educations
School educationg for DM
always let them go to the bathroom
School education for DM
always let them go to the bathroom
extra education
fequent monitoring blood glucose- before meals and bedtime
medications- oral/ insulin injections
individual meal plans- snack before exercise (need 15 to 30g of carb for each 45-60 min of exercise)
challenges to education
lack of children understanding long term consequences
adolescents do want to be different (anger, depression)
poor families- affording appropriate food, medications, transportation, phone service
families may have unhealthy habits
family dynamics- must occur all day every day
s/s of hypoglycemia
behavorial changes- confusion, slurred speech, belligerence
diaphoresis (sweating)
tremors
palpitations
tachycardia
s/s hyperglycemia
mental status changes- fatigue/ weakness
dry flushed skin
blurred vision
abdominal cramping
N/V
fruity breath odor
treatment of severe hypoglycemia
admin glucagon- subcu/ IM
dextrose (50%)- IV
not severe- glucose paste or tablets
