endocrine dysfunction

Question 1

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 1

produces and releases hormones
chemical messengers that stimulate and/ or regulate actions of endocrine galnds

Question 2

what influences physiologic effects

Answer 2

growth and development
metabolic process related to fluid and electrolyte balance and energy production
sexual maturation and reproduction
body’s response to stress

Question 3

hypofunction

Answer 3

deficiency

Question 4

hyperfunction

Answer 4

excess

Question 5

what is nephrogenic DI

Answer 5

ineffective action of vasopressin in kidney
transmitted genetically
acquired due to chronic renal disease
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia

Question 6

what is central DI

Answer 6

disorder of posterior pituitary gland
most common form of DI
polydipsia (excess thirst)
polyuria (excessive urination)
results of complication from head trauma or after cranial surgery
LOOK AT SLIDE

Question 7

what is the most common chronic disease

Answer 7

diabetes

Question 8

type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

deficiency of insulin secretion to take up glucose
autoimmune
hyperglycemia
body’s inability to use its main source of fuel
glycosuria- sugar in urine
polyuria- pee all the time
diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 9

type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

insulin resistance occurs at level of skeletal muscle, liver, and fatty tissue
gradual inset
family history
usually obsese

Question 10

what do we want to avoid

Answer 10

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 11

what does DKA cause

Answer 11

anorexia
N/V
lethargy
stupor
altered consciousness
confusion
decreased skin turgor
abdominal pain

Question 12

greater sigsn or DKA

Answer 12

kussmaul respirations and air hunger
fruity or acetone breath odor
ketones in urine and blood
tachycardia

Question 13

what happens if DKA left untreated

Answer 13

coma and death
most common in teenage kids moving out- done with it

Question 14

complications of DKA

Answer 14

growth stunting
poor wound healing
recurrent infections
retinopathy
nuropathy
cadiodiseases
damage to blood vesels and nerves

Question 15

what is the priority interventuon for diabetes

Answer 15

educations

Question 16

how does education help

Answer 16

child and family’s to self manage
lifelong condition

Question 17

Daily management of DM

Answer 17

measuing glucose
urine ketone testing
medications
signs and symp
school educations

Question 18

School educationg for DM

Answer 18

always let them go to the bathroom

Question 18

School education for DM

Answer 18

always let them go to the bathroom

Question 19

extra education

Answer 19

fequent monitoring blood glucose- before meals and bedtime
medications- oral/ insulin injections
individual meal plans- snack before exercise (need 15 to 30g of carb for each 45-60 min of exercise)

Question 20

challenges to education

Answer 20

lack of children understanding long term consequences
adolescents do want to be different (anger, depression)
poor families- affording appropriate food, medications, transportation, phone service
families may have unhealthy habits
family dynamics- must occur all day every day

Question 21

s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 21

behavorial changes- confusion, slurred speech, belligerence
diaphoresis (sweating)
tremors
palpitations
tachycardia

Question 22

s/s hyperglycemia

Answer 22

mental status changes- fatigue/ weakness
dry flushed skin
blurred vision
abdominal cramping
N/V
fruity breath odor

Question 23

treatment of severe hypoglycemia

Answer 23

admin glucagon- subcu/ IM
dextrose (50%)- IV
not severe- glucose paste or tablets

Question 24

if child feels symptoms of low glucose and low CBG

Answer 24

10-15 grams of simple carb- orange juice, honey
followed by complex carb- peanut butter and crackers

Question 25

names of short acting insulin

Answer 25

regular (humulin R, novolin R)

Question 26

names of long acting insulin

Answer 26

glargine (lantus)
detemir (levemir)
degludec (tresiba)

Question 27

short acting times

Answer 27

onset- 30 min to 1 hr
peak- 2-4 hr
duration- 5-8 hr

Question 28

long acting times

Answer 28

onset- 1 to 2 hrs
peak- none
duration - 24 hours