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Pharm 4 > Endocrine Drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Glucocorticoids indications

A
  • inflammation
  • arthritis
  • skin disorders
  • blood disorders
  • kidney disorders
  • eye disorders
  • thyroid disorders
  • intestinal disorders (colitis)
  • severe allergies
  • asthma
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2
Q

Prednisone

A
  • most common oral drug
  • anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressing

Corticosteroid

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3
Q

Methylprednisone

A
  • most common injectable
  • anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressing

Corticosteroid

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4
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  • less common injectable
  • commonly a topical cream
  • PO for Addison’s dz

Corticosteroid

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5
Q

Dexamethasone

A
  • less common injectable

Corticosteroid

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6
Q

Betamethasone

A
  • drug of choice frmo premature labor
  • accelerates fetal lung maturation

corticosteroid

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7
Q

Long-acting insulin

A
  • Detemir
  • Glargine
  • 1x or 2x a day
  • continuous
  • no peak action
  • can’t be mixed
  • type 1 (with meals)
  • sometimes type 2

Basal insulin

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8
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin

A
  • aka NPH
  • often mized with short-acting
  • cloudy

Basal insulin

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9
Q

Short-acting insulin

A
  • aka regular insulin
  • onset 30-60min
  • inject 30-45min before meal
  • can only be mixed with NPH
  • hypoglycemia is more common with short-acting

Prandial insulin

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10
Q

Rapid-acting insulin

A
  • Aspart
  • Glulisine
  • Lispro
  • onset 15min
  • within 15min of meal

Prandial insulin

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11
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A
  • a biguanide drug
  • # 1 for type 2 DM
  • decreases glucose production in liver
  • enhance insulin snesitivity
  • also preventative
  • can cause weight loss

antidiabetics

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12
Q

Metformin drug alert

A
  • withold for surgery
  • withold for radiologic procedure with contrast medium (iodine) which could cause lactic acidosis and AKI
  • 1-2 day before, 2 day after when creatinine is within normal limits
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13
Q

Glucagon

A
  • indication: severe hypoglycemia
  • can be given IM, SC, or IV if PO is not an option
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14
Q

Glipizide, Glyburide, and Glimepiride

A
  • Sulfonylureas drugs
  • increase insulin production
  • decrease glucagon secretion
  • contraindications: use of insulin, advanced DM, sulfa drug allergy, NPO, alcohol, advanced age

antidiabetics

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15
Q

Levothyrozine

A
  • indicated in hypothyroidism
  • taken 30-60min before breakfast (empty stomach)
  • AE: tachycardia, angina, tremors, intensify warfarin (check INR)

Thyroid replacement drug

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16
Q

Propythiouracil (PTU)

A
  • indicated in hyperthyroidism

Antithyroid medication

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17
Q

Methimazole

A
  • indicated in hyperthyroidism

Antithyroid medication

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18
Q

Cushing’s disease

A
  • hypersecretion of corticosteroids
  • increased Na and water retention
  • muscle weakness d/t K loss
  • moon face and hump back
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19
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Hyposecretion of corticosteroids, decrease blood Na, glucose, increase K, dehydration, weight loss

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20
Q

Cortisol causes…

A
  • glycogen to glucose
  • tryglycerides into fatty acids & glycerol
  • muscle proteins into amino acids
  • synthesis of more glucose and ketones for body fuel
  • results in muscle weakness & atrophy
  • poor healing
  • immunosuppresion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glucocorticoid contraindications

A
  • cataracts
  • glaucoma
  • PUD
  • mental health problems
  • DM
  • serious infections (because of immunosuppression)
  • septicemia
  • fungal infx
  • varicella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glucocorticoid AE

A
  • moon facies (extra fluid volume)
  • hyperglycemia
  • psychosis (roid rage)
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23
Q

Glucocorticoid caution

A
  • HF (fluid retention forces heart to work harder)
  • can cross placenta barrier
  • can be secreted in breast milk
  • cause fetal/infant abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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24
Q

conditions exacerbated by glucocorticoids and what to look for in a health history

A
  • diabetes
  • dyslipidemia
  • CVD
  • GI disorders
  • affective (mood) disorders
  • osteoporosis
  • sx of/exposure to infx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

baseline measures to take before glucoccorticoids

A
  • weight
  • height
  • bone mineral density
  • BP
  • CBC
  • blood glucose
  • lipid profile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Glucocorticoids nursing implications

A
  • don’t stop taking abruptly, taper off
  • may need concurrent treatment for osteoporosis or high blood glucose
  • monitor for adrenal suppression (like sx of Addison’s disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Metformin drug alert

A
  • withold for surgery
  • withold for radiologic procedure with contrast medium (iodine) which could cause lactic acidosis and AKI
  • 1-2 day before, 2 day after when creatinine is within normal limits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rule of 15

A
  • for hypoglycemia
  • pt consume 15g of carbs
  • check BG after 15min
  • is BG is still low, another 15g
  • repreat until BG >70mg/dL
How well did you know this?
1
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3
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29
Q

Posterior pituitary function

A
  • stores and secretes oxytocin and ADH
30
Q

Vasopressin

A
  • Indications: diabetes insipidus, hypotensive crisis like septic shock, bleeding og esophageal varices
  • mimic ADH
  • vasoconcstrictor
  • should reduce severe thirst and decrease urine output

Posterior pituitary drug

31
Q

Desmopressin

A
  • Indications: diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, bleeding d/t hemophilia and Willebrand sz
  • mimic action of ADH
  • should reduce severe thirst and decrease urine output

Posterior pituitary drug

32
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • low metabolic rate
  • weight gain
  • cold extremities
  • constipation
  • reduced libido
  • menstrual irregularities
33
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Graves disease
  • increased metabolic rate
  • increased body heat and sweating
  • diarrhea
  • weight loss
  • tremors
  • increased heart rate
  • goiter
  • bulging eyes
34
Q

Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)

A
  • Indication: adrenocortical insufficency (diagnostic)
  • stimulates release of cortisol
  • anti-inflammatory
  • AE: Na retention, edema, HTN

Anterior pituitary drug

35
Q

Somatropin and somatrem

A
  • Indication: GH deficiency, hypopituitary dwarfism
  • growth hormone

Anterior pituitary drug

36
Q

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

A
  • Indication: carcinoid crisis and related severe diarrhea, flushing, and hypotension
  • can alter blood glucose
37
Q
  • inflammation
  • arthritis
  • skin disorders
  • blood disorders
  • kidney disorders
  • eye disorders
  • thyroid disorders
  • intestinal disorders (colitis)
  • severe allergies
  • asthma
A

Glucocorticoids indications

38
Q
  • most common oral drug
  • anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressing

Corticosteroid

A

Prednisone

39
Q
  • most common injectable
  • anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressing

Corticosteroid

A

Methylprednisone

40
Q
  • less common injectable
  • commonly a topical cream
  • PO for Addison’s dz

Corticosteroid

A

Hydrocortisone

41
Q
  • less common injectable

Corticosteroid

A

Dexamethasone

42
Q
  • corticosteroid
  • drug of choice for premature labor
  • accelerates fetal lung maturation
A

Betamethasone

43
Q
  • Detemir
  • Glargine
  • 1x or 2x a day
  • continuous
  • no peak action
  • can’t be mixed
  • type 1 (with meals)
  • sometimes type 2

Basal insulin

A

Long-acting insulin

44
Q
  • aka NPH
  • often mized with short-acting
  • cloudy

Basal insulin

A

Intermediate-acting insulin

45
Q
  • aka regular insulin
  • Humulin and Novolin
  • onset 30-60min
  • inject 30-45min before meal
  • can only be mixed with NPH
  • hypoglycemia is more common with short-acting

Prandial insulin

A

Short-acting insulin

46
Q
  • Aspart
  • Glulisine
  • Lispro
  • onset 15min
  • within 15min of meal

Prandial insulin

A

Rapid-acting insulin

47
Q
  • a biguanide drug
  • # 1 for type 2 DM
  • decreases glucose production in liver
  • enhance insulin snesitivity
  • also preventative
  • can cause weight loss

antidiabetics

A

Metformin (Glucophage)

48
Q
  • withold for surgery
  • withold for radiologic procedure with contrast medium (iodine) which could cause lactic acidosis and AKI
  • 1-2 day before, 2 day after when creatinine is within normal limits
A

Metformin drug alert

49
Q
  • indication: severe hypoglycemia
  • can be given IM, SC, or IV if PO is not an option
A

Glucagon

50
Q
  • Sulfonylureas drugs
  • increase insulin production
  • decrease glucagon secretion
  • contraindications: use of insulin, advanced DM, sulfa drug allergy, NPO, alcohol, advanced age

antidiabetics

A

Glipizide, Glyburide, and Glimepiride

51
Q
  • indicated in hypothyroidism
  • taken 30-60min before breakfast (empty stomach)
  • AE: tachycardia, angina, tremors, intensify warfarin (check INR)

Thyroid replacement drug

A

Levothyroxine

52
Q
  • indicated in hyperthyroidism

Antithyroid medication

A

Propythiouracil (PTU)

53
Q
  • indicated in hyperthyroidism

Antithyroid medication

A

Methimazole

54
Q
  • hypersecretion of corticosteroids
  • increased Na and water retention
  • muscle weakness d/t K loss
  • moon face and hump back
A

Cushing’s disease

55
Q

Hyposecretion of corticosteroids, decrease blood Na, glucose, increase K, dehydration, weight loss

A

Addison’s disease

56
Q
  • glycogen to glucose
  • tryglycerides into fatty acids & glycerol
  • muscle proteins into amino acids
  • synthesis of more glucose and ketones for body fuel
  • results in muscle weakness & atrophy
  • poor healing
  • immunosuppresion
A

Cortisol causes…

57
Q
  • cataracts
  • glaucoma
  • PUD
  • mental health problems
  • DM
  • serious infections (because of immunosuppression)
  • septicemia
  • fungal infx
  • varicella
A

Glucocorticoid contraindications

58
Q
  • moon facies (extra fluid volume)
  • hyperglycemia
  • psychosis (roid rage)
A

Glucocorticoid AE

59
Q
  • HF (fluid retention forces heart to work harder)
  • can cross placenta barrier
  • can be secreted in breast milk
  • cause fetal/infant abnormalities
A

Glucocorticoid caution

60
Q
  • diabetes
  • dyslipidemia
  • CVD
  • GI disorders
  • affective (mood) disorders
  • osteoporosis
  • sx of/exposure to infx
A

conditions exacerbated by glucocorticoids and what to look for in a health history

61
Q
  • weight
  • height
  • bone mineral density
  • BP
  • CBC
  • blood glucose
  • lipid profile
A

baseline measures to take before glucoccorticoids

62
Q
  • don’t stop taking abruptly, taper off
  • may need concurrent treatment for osteoporosis or high blood glucose
  • monitor for adrenal suppression
A

Glucocorticoids nursing implications

63
Q
  • withold for surgery
  • withold for radiologic procedure with contrast medium (iodine) which could cause lactic acidosis and AKI
  • 1-2 day before, 2 day after when creatinine is within normal limits
A

Metformin drug alert

64
Q
  • for hypoglycemia
  • pt consume 15g of carbs
  • check BG after 15min
  • is BG is still low, another 15g
  • repreat until BG >70mg/dL
A

Rule of 15

65
Q
  • stores and secretes oxytocin and ADH
A

Posterior pituitary function

66
Q
  • Indications: diabetes insipidus, hypotensive crisis like septic shock, bleeding og esophageal varices
  • mimic ADH
  • vasoconcstrictor
  • should reduce severe thirst and decrease urine output

Posterior pituitary drug

A

Vasopressin

67
Q
  • Indications: diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, bleeding d/t hemophilia and Willebrand sz
  • mimic action of ADH
  • should reduce severe thirst and decrease urine output

Posterior pituitary drug

A

Desmopressin

68
Q
  • low metabolic rate
  • weight gain
  • cold extremities
  • constipation
  • reduced libido
  • menstrual irregularities
A

Hypothyroidism

69
Q
  • Graves disease
  • increased metabolic rate
  • increased body heat and sweating
  • diarrhea
  • weight loss
  • tremors
  • increased heart rate
  • goiter
  • bulging eyes
A

Hyperthyroidism

70
Q
  • Indication: adrenocortical insufficency (diagnostic)
  • stimulates release of cortisol
  • anti-inflammatory
  • AE: Na retention, edema, HTN

Anterior pituitary drug

A

Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)

71
Q
  • Indication: GH deficiency, hypopituitary dwarfism
  • growth hormone

Anterior pituitary drug

A

Somatropin and somatrem

72
Q
  • Indication: carcinoid crisis and related severe diarrhea, flushin, and hypotension
  • can alter blood glucose
A

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Pharm 4 (4 decks)

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