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Adult Health Pt 2 > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System

A

group of organs/glands that are involved in regulating moos, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and reproduction

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2
Q

What is the major endocrine gland or “Master Gland”?

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain

- important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands

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4
Q

Over-secretion/Hypersecretion of Pituitary Gland Disorders

A

Cushing Syndrome

Acromegaly (gigantism)

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5
Q

Cushing Syndromes results from what?

A

hypersecretion of ACTH/too much cortisol is produced and released into the body

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6
Q

What is the stress hormone?

A

ACTH

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7
Q

S/S of Cushing Syndrome

A
  • weight gain
  • thin purple striae
  • moon face
  • buffalo hump
  • thinning/fragile skin that bruises easy
  • slow healing
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • irritability
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8
Q

Cushing Syndrome is most likely the result of what kind of tumor?

A

pituitary tumor

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9
Q

What are the complications of Cushing Syndrome?

A
  • hypertension
  • diabetes
  • difficulty treating infections
  • osteoporosis
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10
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing Syndrome?

A
  • medication to reduce cortisol production
  • surgery to remove tumor
  • radiation treatment
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11
Q

Acromegaly (GIGANTISM) results from what?

A

excess growth hormones after the growth plates have closed/may be related to tumor on pituitary, lung, or pancreas

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12
Q

S/S Acromegaly

A

bones increase in size especially in hands, feet, and face

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13
Q

Complications of Acromegaly

A
  • headaches
  • vision loss
  • cardiomyopathy
  • diabetes
  • osteoarthritis
  • hypertension
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14
Q

Treatment for Acromegaly

A

medications to suppress the production of growth hormone or surgery to remove tumor

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15
Q

Under-secretion (hyposecretion) usually involves what part of the pituitary hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary hormones

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16
Q

Hyposecretion of Pituitary can lead to what?

A
  • absence of gonadal function
  • loss of secondary sex characters
  • insufficiency of thyroid and adrenal function
17
Q

Other general S/S of Hyposecretion of Pituitary

A
  • weight gain
  • small stature
  • low BP
  • excessive urination/thirst
  • constipation
  • fatigue
  • dry skin
18
Q

Treatment for Hyposecretion of Pituitary

A
  • hormone replacement (Synthroid, Cortef)
  • sex hormones
  • growth hormones
  • fertility hormones
19
Q

Synthroid medication helps what?

A

thyroid

20
Q

Cortef medication helps what?

A

adrenal

21
Q

Pituitary Tumors

A
  • usually benign

- location and effects on targeted organs may have life threatening effects

22
Q

S/S of Pituitary Tumors

A
  • hyper/hyposecretion of pituitary hormones
  • Prolactinoma leads to overproduction of prolactin
  • loss of menstruation in females
  • spontaneous production of milk in males and females
  • infertility in females
23
Q

How is a pituitary tumor diagnosed?

A

Physical assessment
MRI
CT scan
Measure hormone levels

24
Q

Hypophysectomy

A

surgical removal of the pituitary gland using a transsphenoidal approach

25
Q

What happens during a hypophysectomy?

A

an incision is made beneath the upper lip; a speculum is inserted into nasal cavity; tumor is removed using forceps

26
Q

Complications from Hypophysectomy

A
  • nose bleeds
  • intracranial hemorrhage
  • leaking of CSF
  • diabetes insipidus
  • hypopituitarism
27
Q

What to expect after Hypophysectomy?

A
  • nasal packing
  • pain levels
  • deep breathing exercises
28
Q

Pre-Op Care for Hypophysectomy

A
  • education on what to expect
  • ensure consent is signed
  • patent IV
  • avoid vigorous coughing, sneezing, sucking through straw, blowing nose, breathing through mouth
29
Q

Post-Op for Hypophysectomy

A
  • monitor vitals
  • administer pain meds/prophylactic antibiotics
  • asses change in visual acuity
  • asses for leaking CSF
  • maintain HOB 15-30
  • monitor electrolytes
  • strict I/O’s
  • daily weights
  • soft sponge for tooth brush
  • frequently asses nasal packing
30
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

decrease in production of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)-also called vasopressin leading to excess fluid loss

31
Q

What are some causes of Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  • pituitary destruction from radiation or surgery
  • severe head injuries
  • tumors
  • infection
32
Q

How is Diabetes Insipidus diagnosed?

A
  • 24 hr urine measure output ( > 2 L/24 hrs is positive)
  • monitor ADH levels
  • vasopressin test to monitor changes in serum cortisol
33
Q

S/S of Diabetes Insipidus

A
  • increased daily urine output (polyuria)
  • urine is dilute
  • nocturia/frequency
  • specific gravity of urine is LOW
  • excessive thirst (polydipsia)
  • weight loss, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, hypotension
  • hypernatremia
34
Q

Treatment/Management for Diabetes Insipidus

A
  • replacement of ADH
  • monitor daily weights/vitals
  • fluid replacement
  • sodium restriction
  • monitor neuro status
  • encourage medic alert bracelet
  • medication education-alternate nares w/ intranasal; alternate sites w/ injections
35
Q

ADH Replacement Meds

A
  • Desmopressin intranasally

- Vasopressin IM

36
Q

What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone?

A

hypersecretion of ADH leading to excessive fluid retention

37
Q

What causes SIADH?

A
  • brain tumors
  • malignancies
  • head injuries
  • infection
38
Q

How can SIADH be diagnosed?

A
  • monitor serum ADH

- urine specific gravity and osmolarity

Adult Health Pt 2 (8 decks)

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