Endocrine Contraceptive Flashcards
The term ___ defines the years from the onset of loss of the ovarian cycle to her last menses.
A. Perimenopause
B. Menopause
A. perimenopause
Also known as menopausal transition.
The term ___ describes the cessation of menstruation following the loss of ovarian function
A. Perimenopause
B. Menopause
B. Menopause
What does the abbreviation “ET” mean in terms of medication therapy for menopause?
A. Combined estrogen-progestogen therapy
B. Estrogen Therapy
C. Menopausal Hormone Therapy
B. Estrogen Therapy
What does the abbreviation “EPT” mean in terms of medication therapy for menopause?
A. Menopausal Hormone Therapy
B. Estrogen Therapy
C. Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Therapy
C.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of perimenopause?
A. Hot flashes and Night Sweats
B. Shortened cycle length
C. Anxiety
D. Mood swings and depression
E. Disturbances in sexuality
B. Shortened cycle length
The cycle length actually extends the closer you get to menopause
Vasomotor symptoms of menopause include:
A. Hot Flashes
B. Night sweats
C. Anxiety and mood swings
D. Distrubances in sexuality
E. all of the above
E
These are all vasomotor symptoms that require systemic agents in order to treat them
All of the following statements regarding treatment of Severe Vasomotor symptoms is true EXCEPT:
A. Combined Hormonal Contraception: Relieves vasomotor symptoms and provides protection against pregnancy
B. Progestin only contraceptive + Postmenopausal Estrogen: Relieves vasomotor symptoms and provides protection against pregnancy
C. Postmenopausal EPT: Protects uterus from hyperplasia and prevents pregnancy
D. Non-hormonal Methods for Symptom Management: Does not prevent pregnancy but may relieve vasomotor symptoms.
C. Post-Menopausal EPT: Protects uterus from hyperplasia and prevents pregnancy.
The first part of this statement is true because in the Estrogen/ progestin EPT, the progestin will stop Endometrial Hyperplasia. HOWEVER, even though the medication does contain estrogen and progestin combinations (that are usually seen in contraceptives) they are not at the right concentrations to prevent pregnancy when treating menopause.
Which of the following are ways in which menopause can occur in a woman? (Select All)
A. Natural aging process associated with the natural decline in ovarian function.
B. Surgical procedure involving the removal of the ovaries.
C. Removal of the Uterus but ovaries remain (Hysterectomy)
D. Increased androgen levels leading to decreased levels of estrogen.
A, B, C
Which of the following is diagnostic of menopause?
A. History of hot flashes
B. Amenorrhea for 12 months with no other etiology
C. History of Amenorrhea lasting for more than 60 days
D. Low FSH and LH levels
B. Amenorrhea for 12 months with no other etiology
FSH and LH levels will actually be higher in patients with menopause because the ovaries are not producing as much estrogen as before and as a result there isn’t a negative feedback loop to suppress FSH and LH production. As a result the body will sense it is low on estrogen and increase FSH and LH in order to try increaseing estrogen production. Remember that Estrogen and Progestin are both negative feedback loops for FSH and LH.
Which of the following are Non-Hormonal treatments for Vasomotor symptoms of perimenopause and menopause? (Select all)
A. Life-style modifications
B. Use of OTC agents
C. Clonidine prescription
D. Premarin
E. SSRI and SNRI
A, B, C, E
All of the following statements are true regarding the use of Black Cohosh in treatment of Vasomotor symptoms of menopause EXCEPT:
A. Has good evidence in symptom relief especially Remifemin
B. Has estrogenic effects
C. Has been shown to be effective for years of use
D. Should not use in patients with estrogen-dependent cancers
C
patients should limit use to no more than 6 months due high risk of hepatotoxicity.
Which of the following non-hormonal prescriptions are recommended for the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms? (Select All)
A. Clonidine
B. HCTZ
C. Paroxetine
D. Venlafaxine
E. Gabapentin
F. Ginseng
A, C, D, E
Clonidine
Paroxetine- SSRI
Venlafaxine- SNRI
Gabapentin
How does clonidine reduce vasomotor symptoms of menopause?
A. Raises sweating threshold to reduce hot flashes
B. Reduces mood swings
C. Reduces depresion
D. Reduces appetite
A. Raises sweating threshold and hot flashes
How do SSRIs and SNRIs such as Paroxetine and Venlafaxine reduce vasomotor symptoms of menopause? (Select All)
A. Reduces appetite
B. Reduces Hot flashes
C. Reduces mood swings and depression
D. Decreases joint pain
B. Reduces hot flashes
C. Reduces mood swings and depression.
Can also be used in patients who have difficulty sleeping because of their menopause.
Which of the following statemtns is true regarding the use of gabapentin in treating menopause? (Select All)
A. Must be used at lower doses
