Adrenocorticoids PCOL Sharpe Flashcards
Endocrine organs secrete hormones into directly into ___.
A. Ducts
B. Circulation
B. Circulation
Which of the following is the correct ordering of events when Lipid-soluble steroids and hormones enter the cell?
I: Increasing or decreasing transcription
II: Steroids bound to binding globulin enter the cell by passing through the membrane.
III: Ligand-Receptor complex translocates to the nucleus after dimerization
IV: Steroid binds to cytoplasmic receptors within the cell (Nuclear Receptors)
A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, IV, III, I
C. IV, I, III, II
D. II, III, IV, I
B. II, IV, III, I
Steroids/hormones float around in the blood stream bound to binding globulin. Lipid-soluble steroids/hormones are able to pass through the membrane and when they are in the cytoplasm they will bind to Cytoplasmic receptors (Nuclear Receptors). The receptors will dimerize (form pairs) and they will translocate to the nucleus and bind to DNA and increase or decrease transcription.
T/F
Thyroid hormones are able to pass freely through the cell membrane in order to get to the nucleus
F.
Thyroid homrones are amines and need a cell surface receptor in order to translocate to the nucleus
The feedback system of Cortisol is a prime example of a ___ Feedback system.
A. Negative
B. Positive
A. Negative
Hormones such as TRH, GnRH and CRH are secreted from the ___.
A. Anterior Pituitary
B. Posterior Pituitary
C. Hypothalamus
D. None of the Above
C. Hypothalamus
Remember that the RH portion stands for releasing hormone and the hypothalamus releases releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary in order for the anterior pituitary to release its own hormones.
Mineralocorticoids main function is ____ and glucocorticoids control ____
A. (Electrolyte balance), (Metabolic/inflammation)
B. (Metabolic/inflammation), (Electrolyte balance)
A
Which of the following are effects of glucocorticoids?
A. Increases glucose synthesis and decreases peripheral glucose utilization
B. Fat synthesis (Lipogenesis)
C. Muscle build-up
D. Increases expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
A. Increases glucose synthesis and decreases peripheral glucose utilization
Glucocorticoids do not cause fat synthesis they cause Lipolysis (breakdown of fat)
Glucocoriticoids do not build up muscle they cause muscle wasting
Glucocorticoids do not increase expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines they Decrease their expression
The enzyme ___ is required to convert Testosterone to DHT
A. Peroxidase
B. 5a-reductase
C. Hydroxylase
D. Epoxidase
B. 5a-Reductase
Also know that DHT has 5x the affinity for androgen receptors vs testosterone
All of the following are effects of androgen EXCEPT:
A. Sexual differentiation and maturation
B. Increase in muscle mass
C. Prostatic Hyperplasia
D. Sex Drive
E. Bone breakdown
E. Bone breakdown
Prostatic hyperplasia is a big problem with DHT since that is what causes BPH and possibly increase the chances of prostate cancer.
(Shorter Answer)
Why can androgen replacement therapy cause gynecomastia in men?
When there is excess testosterone in the body it will be converted to estrogen and this can cause enlarging in the breast tissue for males.
What is the MOA of Anti-Androgen agents such as Flutamide and Bicalutamide?
A. Inhibits 5a-reductase
B. Inhibits hypothalamic secretion of releasing hormones
C. Inhibits anterior pituitary synthesis of androgens
D. Acts as an Androgen Receptor Antagonist
D. Acts as an Androgen Receptor Antagonist
What is the MOA of Finasteride and Dutasteride?
A. Inhibits 5a-Reductase
B. Acts as a Androgen-Receptor Antagonist
C. Decreases anterior pituitary secretion of hormones
D. None of the above
A. Inhibits 5a-Reductase
What are the side effects of Anti-Androgen agents such as 5a-Reductase Inhibitors and Androgen Receptor Antagonists?
A. Decreased libido
B. Impotence
C. Gynecomastia
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
