Endocrine Conditions / Week 4

Question 1

3 Types of Hormones:

Answer 1

1. Peptides - Chains of amino acids
2. Amines - are easily stored
3. Steroids - Lipid based and made on demand

Question 2

Key Hormones to Know:
GAITC

Answer 2

1. Adrenaline/Epinephrine
2. Cortisol
3. Insulin and Glucagon
4. Thyroxine
5. Growth Hormone

Question 3

Growth Hormone

Answer 3

-Released from pituitary.
-Heals injuries, creates new cells, and is only released at certain stages of sleep.

Question 4

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

Answer 4

Made in the adrenal medulla
Short term stress hormone.
Made quickly, leaves quickly

Question 5

Insulin and Glucagon

Answer 5

-Made in pancreas (behind stomach)
-Insulin decreases blood sugar.
-Glucagon increases blood sugar.

Question 6

Thyroxine

Answer 6

-Found in thyroid
-Helps cells convert fuel into energy.
-Stimulates metabolism

Question 7

Cortisol

Answer 7

-Made in adrenal cortex.
-Long Term Stress hormone
-Anti-inflammatory
-Depresses immune system
-Destructive to connective tissue (thin skin and bones)

Question 8

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 8

Etiology: Prolonged high blood sugar levels due to poor insulin secretion/effectiveness.

S/S: Polydipsia, Polyphagia, polyuria

Massage Considerations: Inidcated, except where there is damaged tissue.
May not be able to handle circulatory massage

Question 9

Three “P”s of Diabetes

Answer 9

Polyuria - Excess urination
Polyphagia - Excess hunger
Polydipsia - Excess thirst

Question 10

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 10

Autoimmune
Diagnosed in childhood
Insulin-dependent

Can have diabetic emergencies (Ketoacidosis too little insulin; and insulin shock too much insulin)

Question 11

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 11

Adult
Non-insulin dependent
Managed w oral meds.
Cells dont properly respond to insulin

Question 12

Hypoglycemia

Answer 12

Etiology: Low blood sugar. Can be from hormone imbalance, stress, infection, fasting.

S/S: Irritation, hunger, mood swings, confusion, headache. Can lose consciousness if bloody sugar falls below 45mg/dL

Massage Considerations:
Have client eat something before massage

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism

Grave’s Disease (autoimmune)

Answer 13

Etiology: Too much thyroxine and triiodothyronine

S/S: ▲ metabolism, ▲ heart rate, nervous, ▲activity. Thin, warm, moist skin, insomnia.

Massage Considerations: Indicated for calming effect. But avoid neck, as this can stimulate the thyroid more

Question 14

Hypothyroidism

Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)

Answer 14

Etiology: Low thyroid function

S/S: Cold and intolerant to cold. Dry cool skin. Menstrual irregularities, weight gain, constipation, depression, goiter, fatigue.

Massage Considerations: Indicated to help circulation, mood, and sleep.
Can stimulate thyroid.

Question 15

Adrenal Function Review

Answer 15

-Stimulated in response to stress (sympathetic)
-Cortisol is released during stress, breaks down carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and ELEVATES BLOOD SUGAR, inhibits collagen production

Question 16

Addison’s Disease

Answer 16

Etiology: Adrenal HYPOfunction.

S/S: Hypotension, hypoglycemia, ▼ resistance to infection, ▼ cardiac output. “Addisonian Crisis” can be life threatening

Massage Considerations: Contact PCP. Long term corticosteroids compromise skins and bones

Question 17

Cushing’s Disease

Answer 17

Etiology: Excessively high blood cortisol for long periods of time. Pituitary, adrenal tumors.

S/S: “Moon face”, dorsal fat pad, truncal obesity, distal extremities thin and weak. Thin skin. Atrophic, poor wound healing.

Massage Considerations: Light work.