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SmartyPance:Endocrine > Endocrine Boards - Sheet1 (2) > Flashcards

Endocrine Boards - Sheet1 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated PTH and calcium. Low phosphate. Short QT interval. Bones, stones, and moans, psych groans

A

Primary hyperparathyroid

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2
Q

Elevated PTH. Normal/Low calcium. Renal failure and Vit D deficiency

A

Secondary hyperparathyroid

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3
Q

Neck Surgery. Chvostek and Trousseau. Prolonged QT

A

Hypoparathyroid

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4
Q

Eye and Skin manifestation

A

Graves

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5
Q

PTU - first trimester. methimazole - after first trimester

A

Hyperthyroid Treatment

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6
Q

Low TSH and Free T4. Check adrenal function

A

Central hypothyroid

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7
Q

TSH. Ultrasound. Warm Nodules are benign. Cold nodules are cancer

A

Thyroid nodule

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8
Q

Pituitary adenoma. Lung tumor. Adrenal tumor. Low ACTH = adrenal. High ACTH = pituitary or lung.

A

Cushings

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9
Q

Increased ACTH = adrenal. Low ACTH = pituitary. ACTH stimulation test. Hyponatremia & Hyperkalemia. Fludrocortisone

A

Addisons

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10
Q

Androgen and/or estrogen secreting = cancer. CT scan. Surgery

A

Adrenal cortical carcinoma

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11
Q

Increased growth hormone. Pituitary tumor. Large hands/feet. Increased insulin like growth factor.

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

Low C-peptide. Antibodies. Beta cell destruction.

A

Type 1 DM

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13
Q

Insulin insensitivity. Weight loss. Metformin.

A

Type 2 DM

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14
Q

Hyperglycemia( < 1,000 (but usually about 350). Type 1. Anion gap metabolic acidosis and serum ketones. Infection. Hypokalemia.

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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15
Q

Glucose > 1,000. Type 2

A

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia

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16
Q

Triglycerides > 1,000 = pancreatitis. Statins first line.

A

Hyperlipidemia

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17
Q

Galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea. Hook effect. HCG, TSH, MRI. Cabergoline.

A

Prolactinemia

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18
Q

Decreases hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose utilization, decreases intestinal glucose absorption

A

Metformin

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19
Q

Stimulates pancreatic beta cell insulin release (insulin secretagogue - non glucose dependent)

A

Sulfonylureas (glyburide and glipizide)

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20
Q

Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral receptor site adipose and muscle has no effect on pancreatic beta cells

A

Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone - Actos and Rosiglitazone - Avandia)

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21
Q

Delays intestinal glucose absorption

A

α-Glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose precose and Miglitol glyset)

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22
Q

Stimulates pancreatic beta cell insulin release

A

Meglitinides (Repaglinide prandin and Nateglinide)

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23
Q

Lowers blood sugar by mimicking incretin - causes insulin secretion, decreased glucagon and delays gastric emptying

A

GLP-1 Agonists (Exenatide Byetta)

24
Q

Dipetpidylpetase inhibition - inhibits degradation of GLP-1 so more circulating GLP-1

A

DDP-4 Inhibitors (Sitagliptin Januvia)

25
Q

SGLT-2 inhibition lowers renal glucose threshold which results in increased urinary glucose excretion

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor (Canagliflozin)

26
Q

A1C 5.7-6.4, Fasting glucose 100-125, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test 140-199

A

Pre-diabetes

27
Q

Name the diagnostic criteria for diabetes

A

Fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl at least 8 hours on two occasions GOLD STANDARD! –Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5 indicates average blood sugar 10-12 weeks prior to measurement – 2 hour plasma glucose of > 200 on an oral glucose tolerance test – 3 hour GTT is gold standard in GDM – Random plasma glucose > 220 in patients with classical symptoms of hyperglycemia

28
Q

At what serum creatinine level should Metformin be stopped

A

Cr > 1.5

29
Q

Early morning hyperglycemia - Normal glucose until 2-8 am when it rises. Results from decreased insulin sensitivity and nightly surge of counterregulatory hormones during nighttime fasting

A

Dawn Phenomenon

30
Q

Nocturnal hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia due to surge in growth hormone

A

Somogyi effect

31
Q

Diabetic w/ anorexia, anemia, wt loss, pallor

A

Chronic renal failure

32
Q

Gastroparesis, impotence, recurrent infections, stocking-glove paresthesia

A

Diabetic neuropathy (Treat w/ TCA (amitriptyline)

33
Q

Hypoglycemia despite glucose administration. Increased C-peptide

A

Insulinoma

34
Q

Hypoglycemia in alcoholic

A

Give Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

35
Q

Decreased radioactive iodine uptake, decreased free T4, increased TSH

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

36
Q

Female, weight loss, palpitations, atrial fibrillation

A

Hyperthyroid (work it up with TSH, T4)

37
Q

Exopthalmos, palpitations, wt. loss. Elevated radioactive idodine uptake

A

Hyperthyroid, Graves Dx - Tx w/ Radioactive iodine

38
Q

Post thyroidectomy - most likely injury

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve = hoarseness

39
Q

Post thyroidectomy - electrolyte watch

A

Hypocalcemia

40
Q

Infant w/ round face, large protruding tongue, dry skin, umbilical hernia, constipation, enlarged abdomen, poor feeding, delayed developmental milestones

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism

41
Q

Recurrent HA, HTN not responding to meds, sweating. Attacks of severe HA, HTN, glycosuria. Urinary catecholamines, urinary metanephrines

A

Pheochromocytoma - Tx pre-op w/ alpha blocker

42
Q

HTN not responsive to meds

A

Renal artery stenosis (Infrarenal artery)

43
Q

HTN w/ hypernatremia, hypokalemia

A

Primary Aldosteronism

44
Q

Wt. gain, edema, coarse dry skin, hair, menorrhagia, cold intolerance, hx transphenoidal surgery & radiation

A

Hypothyroidism

45
Q

Tetany, hypocalcemia, cataracts

A

Hypoparathyroidism

46
Q

Exogenous corticosteroid use

A

Cushing syndrome

47
Q

Dexamethasone suppression test

A

Cushing syndrome

48
Q

Central obesity, abdominal stria, hyperglycemia, moon facies, buffalo hump, easy bruising

A

Cushing syndrome

49
Q

Acute steroid withdrawal

A

Addison’s disease, crisis

50
Q

Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension, hypotension not responsive to fluids, hypotension following an illness, trauma, or surgery

A

Addison’s disease, crisis (Low aldosterone; get Random or AM cortisol, ACTH stimulation test)

51
Q

Worsening fatigue, wt loss, weakness, recurrent abdominal pain, hair loss, hyperpigmentation. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

A

Addison’s disease, crisis (Low aldosterone; get Random or AM cortisol, ACTH stimulation test)

52
Q

Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s crisis)

53
Q

Polyuria, polydipsia. Dilute urine, Hypernatremia

A

Diabetes insipidus

54
Q

Concentrated urine. Hyponatremia

A

SIADH

55
Q

45,X - low hairline, low set ears, webbed neck, short stature; shield chest, wide set nipples, infertility, lack of Secondary sex characteristics

A

Turners (gonadal dysgenesis

56
Q

XXY ♂ - short stature, ↓ intelligence; small firm testes, gynecomastia, abn arm-body length

A

Klinefelters (hypogonadism)

SmartyPance:Endocrine (7 decks)

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