Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB > Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Gestational Diabetes

A

any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or recognition during pregnancy (due to the body dealing with the baby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the risk factors of Diabetes type 2

A

Obesity, Aging, Sedentary lifestyle, HTN, and prior gestational diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is White Classification of GDM: GOOD

A

A-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is White’s classification of GDM: vascular complications

A

D F R T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Insulin Requirement during the1st trimester

A

Insulin production increased -> peripheral use of insulin -> results in decreased blood glucose
NV (hypergravidemism) drop in mother’s glucose
HPL (human placental lactogen) is secreted = insulin antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin Requirements in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

A

Insulin requirement ^ 4x
abrupt drop of hormones and return to prepregnant state
- Insulin needs decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Maternal Risks of Complication GDM

A

Worsening of pre-existing disease -> vascular problems -> retinopathy
Hypoglycemia 1st half of pregnancy
Hyperglycemia -> ketoacidosis 2-3rd trimesters
Preeclampsia and eclampsia
Polyhydramnios in 10-20% of diabetic
Dystocia *C-section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the baby pancreas create it own insulin

A

10 wks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effects on fetal GDM (most common)

A

Macrosomia r/t excess glucose from Mom
Large for gestational age (LGA) >4000g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

More effects on fetal GDM

A

IUGR= maternal vascular involvement
Delayed lung maturity -> respiratory distress syndrome
Hypoglycemia after birth
Congenital anomalies (NTD and SD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Read slide about screening and testing for GDM

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Values of OGGT (Testing for Diabetes)

A

FBS <95 mg/dl
1 hr <180mg/dl
2 hr <155 mg/dl
3 hr <140 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the management of DM during pregnancy

A

Insulin therapy, exercise, glucose monitoring, diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should be the target range for Premeal/Fasting (Managing Glucose)

A

> 65 mg/dL but <105 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the recommended meals and snacks for a GDM

A

3 meals and 2-3 snacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much carbo should the pt intake?

A

no more than 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

For a night snack, what should be recommended

A

protein and at least 25g complex carb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Do you need foods before taking insulin

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exercise GDM

A

30-60 mins walking or swimming a day
10-20 mins period throughout the day
Snack of protein or complex CHO before exercise
Monitor glucose before and after

20
Q

Insulin therapy

A

2/3 of daily insulin at breakfast -> combination of intermediate or long acting and shorting acting insulin
1/3 of daily insulin in the evening -> combination of long-acting and short-acting insulin

21
Q

Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

A

Too little food
Too large insulin dose
Stress= ^ sugar
Illness/Vomiting or diarrhea
Exercise

22
Q

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

A

Nervousness
HA
Shaking/irritable
Hunger
blurred vision
Diaphoresis

23
Q

Treatment of Hypoglycemia

A

Check blood glucose
<70 mg/dL eat or drink 8-16g of Cho (hard candy, skim milk, unsweetened OJ, soda
Rest 15 mins -> recheck glucose
Notify caregiver if continues
If it is greater, provide a meal with protein

24
Q

Signs and Symptoms Hyperglycemia

A

Glucose >130 mg/dl
Ketones in urine
Dry and flushed skin
Polyuria, polydipsia
Kussmaul respirations *regular insulin
DKA-medical emergency

25
Q

Fetal Surveillance

A

MSAFP @ 15-20 wk gestation
Biophysical Profile
Fetal echocardiogram
NST 1x2x weekly from 34 weeks gestation
FM (kick) daily 28th wk
Ultrasound for anomalies

26
Q

Reasons for earlier delivery

A

IUGR
Hypertensive disorder getting worse
Macrosomia
Poor metabolic control

27
Q

Diabetes during Labor and Delivery

A

Fluids and insulin titrated to maintain glucose <140
Hourly glucose check
Regular insulin infusing piggyback into IV

28
Q

Second Stage of Labor

A

Voluntary pushing required the mother to use a lot of energy -> glucose checks more frequently
Failure to Progress: Shoulder dystocia and CPD (Cephalopelvic Disproportion)

29
Q

Postpartum w/ glucose

A

Insulin requirement decrease w/ removal of placenta and insulin antagonists

30
Q

What help with stabilize diabetes

A

Breast feeding

31
Q

Infant Symptoms of Diabetic Mother

A

Jittery
Apnea
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Hypotonia
Unstable temperature

32
Q

What is normal range of glucose for a infant

A

40-45 mg/dL

33
Q

Risk Factors for GDM

A

Family hx of diabetes
Ethnic group at risk (native american)
Maternal obesity
Previous LGA
Previous unexplained stillbirth

34
Q

Postmeal (1hr) Glucose Monitoring (Target Goal)

A

<140 mg/dL

35
Q

Postmeal (2hr) Glucose Monitoring (Target Goal)

A

<= 120 mg/dl

36
Q

2 am- 6 am Glucose Monitoring (Target Goal)

A

lowest drop
>60 mg/dl

37
Q

Non obese Diet Management Calories

A

35 cal/kg/IBW/day

38
Q

Obese Diet Management Calories

A

25 kg/IBW/day

39
Q

Etiology of Hyperemesis

A

^ level of HCG or estrogen
Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy
Esophageal reflux
Psychosocial factors

40
Q

Clinical symptoms Hyperemesis

A

Inability to retain even clear liquid
Weight lose >5%
Dehydration
Starvation
Electrolyte imbalance (Na+, Cl-, K+)

41
Q

Fetal Risk of Hyperemesis

A

IUGR (due to not getting enough)
Abnormal development
Preterm Birth (uterus= smooth muscle)
SGA
Death from lack of nutrition, hypoxia, maternal ketoacidosis

42
Q

Medications for Hyperemesis

A

Pyridoxin (B6) w/w/o doxylamine
Vesprin
Phenergan
Zofran
Reglan
Nexium
Steroid Therapy
Enteral or parental nutrition

43
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Deficiency in enzyme phenylalanine hydrolase

44
Q

What does phenylketonuria interferes

A

Brain development

45
Q

Maternal phenylketonuria should remain

A

less than 6 mg/dL before conception and remain <2 mg/dl during pregnancy

46
Q

What does the glucose need to be for Oral glucose tolerance test for them to need follow up for the 3 hr

A

130-140

47
Q

What is normal glucose level

A

70-100 mg/dl

OB (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions