Endocrine and Excretory System Flashcards
What are the organs in the Excretory system?
Organs within the excretory system are Skin, Liver, Larger intestine, Lungs, and the Kidneys
What is the structure of skin?
Epidermis is the outer protective layer
Dermis is the middle layer containing blood vessels
Hypodermis is the deepes layer containing connective tissue and fats
What is the function of skin with the excretory system?
Skin removes waste like toxins, water and urea through sweat
What is the structure of the liver?
Has 2 major lobes(left and right)
lobules are within lobes and are hexagonal shaped
ducts connected to lobules carry bile to the gallbladder
What is the function of the liver?
The liver produces bile that carries waste, and breaks down toxins in the blood.
What is the structure of the Large intestine?
HAs a cecum that connects to the small intestine, colon that is the main part if the intestine, rectum that stores solid waste, and the anal canal that connects to the anus
What is the function of the Large intesetine?
The large intestine absorbs water and salts from indigested food.
What is the structures of Lungs?
Made up of lobes similar to balloons the right has three the left has two, bronchi passageways that connect to the windpipe, Bronchioles branch off from bronchi, Aveoli tiny air sacs making tissue, pleura a membrane enclosing the lungs
diaphragm muscle aiding in breathing.
What is the function of Lungs?
The lungs excrete CO2 and water vapor, the ungs also aid other organs maintain their acid-base homeostasis.
What is the structure of the kidney
Cortex - outer layer
Medulla - Inner layer
Renal pelvis - Hallow channel connect kidney and ureter
nephrons - functional unit of kidney
Parts of the nephron?
Glomerulus - High pressure capillary bed
Collecting ducts - collects urine
Distal tubule - Last part of nephron
ureter - bring urine to bladder
proximital tubule - reabsorbs amino acids
loop of henle - reabsorbs H2O and salt
Bowmans capsule- funnel around glomerulus
What is the function of the kidney?
The kidneys remove waste and extra fluid fromyour body they also remove acids produced by cells in your body.
How is the Glomerulus involved in osmoregulation?
The Glomerulus filters out most solutes withing the blood.
How is the Bowmans capsule involved in osmoregulation?
The bowmans capsule ensures blood filtration of the glomerulus functions properly.
How is the proximal tubule involved in osmoregulation?
The proximal tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of water from the ultrafiltrate
How is the descending L.H involved in osmoregualtion?
The descending L.H recovers water from the urine
How is the ascending L.H involved in osmoregulation?
The ascending L.H sodium chloride from the urine
How is the distal tubule involved in ormoregulation?
The distal tubule regualtes extracellular fluid volumes
How is the collecting duct involved in osmoregualtion?
THe collecting duct allows the generation of maximally concentrated urine due to waters osmotic pressure.
How does ADH work when your dehydrated?
Cells in hypothalamus skrink stimulating the pituitary gland to release ADH. ADh is carried through the blood stream and targets the DCT and the Collecting ducts in the kidney. These absorb water back into the body and stabalize the osmotic pressure.
How does ADH work when you drink too much water?
Too much water lowers the osmotic pressure causing cells in the hypothalumus to swell which stimulates the pituitary to stop releasing or to release less ADH.
What would happen to a person’s body if a drug blocked the effects of ADH?
If ADH is blocked your body loses too much water in urine output as your body has trouble regulating osmotic pressure.
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messangers.
What is the difference between a peptide hormone and a steroid hormone?
Peptide hormones are water soluble and cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer.
Steroid hormones are made up of Sterol and can diffuse through the lipid bilayer.(end in ONE)
How is blood sugar regulated?
The pancreas conatins islets of langerhan which hold insulin and glucagon that either raise of decrease your glucose levels.(negative feedback loops)
How is the liver involved in the regulation of blood sugar?
The liver plays a large role in blood sugar as it acts as the storage and release center for glucose.
What are antagonistic hormones?
Antagonistic hormones are a pair of hormones that have the oposite affect on the same part of the body.
List one feedback loop.
Calcium homeostasis- calcitonin lowers calcium coming from the bones
PTH(parathyroid) raises calcium coming from the bones.
What are endocrine disrupters?
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with your hormones.
how do endocrine disruptors affect your health?
Reproductive system
cancer
metabollic issues
Thyroid disorders.
