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DM and Endocrine: Physiology > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

Sella turcica

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2
Q

Enlargement of the pituitary gland can lead to what visual field defect?

A

Bitemporal hemaniopia

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3
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

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4
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is larger?

A

Anterior (2/3rd)

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5
Q

In H&E staining what colour is the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Darkly stained

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6
Q

In H&E staining what colour is the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Pale pink

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7
Q

Within the anterior pituitary gland what are the three categories of cell in regards to staining?

A

Acidophilic
Basophilc
Chromophobic

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8
Q

In H&E stainiing what colour will acidophilic, basophilic and chromophobic cells be?

A 
Acidophilic = pink
Basophilic = light purple
Chromophobic = pale
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9
Q

What are the two classes of acidophil found in the anterior pituitary?

A

Somatotrophs and mammotrophs

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10
Q

What are the three classes of basophil found in the anterior pituitary?

A

Corticotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Gonadotrophs

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11
Q

Give an example produced in the anterior pituitary of:

Somatotrophs
Mammotrophs
Corticotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Gonadotrophs
A 
Somatotrophs: Somatotrophin
Mammotrophs: Prolactin
Corticotrophs: ACTH or MSH
Thyrotrophs: TSH
Gonadotrophs: FSH and LH
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12
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal capillary portal system

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13
Q

Which vertebral levels does the thyroid gland sit between?

A

C5 to T1

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14
Q

What three strap muscles overlie the thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

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15
Q

From what artery does the superior thyroid artery arise?

A

External carotid artery

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16
Q

From what artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise?

A

Branch of subclavian artery

17
Q

Where does the superior and middle thyroid vein dram?

A

Drains into the internal jugular vein

18
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

A

Drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

19
Q

What do C cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

20
Q

How are the suprarenal glands peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

21
Q

Where does the suprarenal arteries arise from?

A

Inferior phrenic artery, aorta and renal arteries

22
Q

What are the three zones of the suprarenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata and zona reticularis

23
Q

Zona glomerulosa produces what class of hormone?

A

Mineralcorticoids e.g. aldosterone

24
Q

Zona fasiculata produces what class of hormone?

A

Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol

25
Q

Zona reticularis produces what class of hormone?

A

Androgens/sex hormones

DM and Endocrine: Physiology (5 decks)

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