Endocrine anatomy

Question 1

3 pars that make up Anterior pituitary

Answer 1

1) Pars tuberalis
2) Pars Intermedia
3) Pars distalis

Question 2

Which cells in Anterior Pituitary secrete FSH, LH?

Answer 2

Gonadotrophs

Question 3

Which cell in Anterior Pituitary secrete TSH?

Answer 3

Thyrotrophs

Question 4

What is stored in Posterior Pituitary and as what?

Answer 4

ADH and Oxytocin stored in Posterior Pituitary as granules / Herring bodies

Question 5

Which organs are not under Pituitary control?

Answer 5

Pancreas, Adrenal Medulla, Parathyroid

Question 6

What 2 conditions can cause Cushing’s disease

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary (produce too much ACTH), Hyperadrenalism (produce too much cortisol)

Question 7

Role of parathyroid hormone

Answer 7

Increase Ca2+

Question 8

3 ways PTH increases Ca2+

Answer 8

1) Increase osteoclastic activity in bones
2) Calcium reabsorption in distal renal tubules
3) Increase vit D absorption

Question 9

3 layers of adrenal cortex and what do they secrete

Answer 9

1) Zona Glomerulosa
Secrete aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) → salt and water retention by kidneys

2) Zona Fasciculata
Make cortisol (glucocorticoid)
Effect on carb, protein and lipid metabolism
Controlled by ACTH

3) Zona Reticularis
Produce Androgens

Question 10

What cell is adrenal medulla made of, what hormones do they release

Answer 10

Chromaffin cells, release Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 11

Effect of Epinephrine and Norepineprhine

Answer 11

Epinephrine (open heart)
Increases blood flow to heart and muscles
Increase HR
Dilate bronchioles
Dilate arteries of cardiac and skeletal muscles

Norepinephrine (close vessel)
Constrict vessels of digestive system and skin
Increase blood flow to muscles, heart and brain