endocrine

Question 1

catecholamines in the urine, headaches, hypertension and palpitations

Answer 1

phaeochromocytoma

Question 2

tanned skin without being on holiday

Answer 2

addison’s

Question 3

increased shoe size, “spade hands”, wedding ring too tight

Answer 3

acromegaly

Question 4

signs of hyperthyroidism plus any eye changes, gritty eyes, smooth velvety skin

Answer 4

graves’ disease

Question 5

moon face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdo fat

Answer 5

cushing’s

Question 6

ketones on breath (sweet smelling/pear drop breath)

Answer 6

DKA

Question 7

deep, laboured breathing (kussmaul breathing)

Answer 7

metabolic acidosis (esp DKA)

Question 8

“orphan Annie” nuclei

Answer 8

papillary thyroid cancer

Question 9

bone pain, stones, abdomen pain, psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)

Answer 9

hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism)

Question 10

psamomma bodies

Answer 10

found in papillary thyroid carcinomas

Question 11

butterfly rash

Answer 11

SLE

Question 12

heat intolerance/palpitations

Answer 12

hyperthyroidism (everything happens faster)

Question 13

cold intolerance/weight gain

Answer 13

hypothyroidism (everything happens slower)

Question 14

anosmia and isolated GnRH deficiency

Answer 14

kallmann’s syndrome

Question 15

trousseau sign, Chvostek sign and QT prolongation (on ECG)

Answer 15

hypocalcaemia

Question 16

acute management of hypocalcaemia

Answer 16

IV calcium gluconate (10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 minutes in 50% dextrose or saline)

Question 17

brachydactyly of the 4th metacarpal

Answer 17

pseudohypoparathyroidism