Endocrine Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
Hormones in the blood
How do endocrine disorders arise/ caused
Hormone is secreted to excess
Hormone deficiency is present
Target cells for the hormone ate dysfunctional
Hereditary/congenital defects affect endocrine secretion
Blood supply to and endocrine tissue is affected
Endocrine tissue has undergone hyperplasia
How are endocrine disorders usually caused
Tumour(usually benign)
What are the signs and symptoms of endocrine disorder
Physiologic action of the hormone
Effects of tumour
What is a goitre
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
What is a endemic goitre
Low iodine levels
Cannot have normal T4 & T3 production
What is a toxic goitre
Thyroid gland is overstimulated-excessive T4 & T3 production will produce toxic effects
OR
Excessive TSH stimulation- goitrogens(triggers to keep producing)
What is a goitrogens
Block T3 & T4 secretion
- TSH levels rise
- TEH causes thyroid hyperplasia( goitre)
What is a condition that is associated with hyperthyroidism
Graves Disease
What type of pathophysiology is associated with Graves disease
Autoimmune which self is attacking thyroid
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Hypermetabolism
- always hot
- weight loss despite increased appetite
Increased sympathetic activity
- Heart palpitations
- tachycardia
- hypertension( vasoconstriction)
Protruding eyes( build up of tissues in orbit pushes eyes outward)
Staring/unblinking
May cause vision loss
What type of hormones and how are these affected with Graves disease
TSH level - not high
TRH level- not high
T4/T3 high
What are the 3 different types/conditions of Hyperthyroidism
Goitre
Graves disease- exophthalmos
Thyrotoxicosis- thyroid storm
What is Throtoxicosis and how is it caused
Hyperthyroidism
Sudden onset acute
Triggered by stress with acute adrenalin episode
Why can thyrotoxicosis be life threatening?
Hyperthermia
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Heart failure
What are 3 different types/ conditions in hypothroidism
Hashimotos
Myxedema
Cretinism
What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
Hypometablism
Decreased sympathetic activity
What is hashimotos
Autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue
Insidious onset
I.mu e attack = inflammation
What is Myxedema
Severe hypothyroidism
Increased fluid
What is Cretinism
Only in kids
Low iodine which is a deficit in brain develpment
What is Cushing Syndrome and how is it caused
Excessive glucocorticoid secretion
Adrenal adenoma
Pituitary adenoma
Paraneopladtic syndrome( tumour in lung)
Iatrogenic( Dr caused…to much steriods/meds)
What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing disease
To much cortisol
Fat metabolism
-redistribution of body fat( moon face, buffalo hump)
Carbs metabolism
- diabetes like syndrome with elevated blood glucose)
- glucose sparing effects( gluconeogenesis)
Accelerated metabolism
- fragile skin
- stretch marks
- osteoporosis
- muscle wasting
Hypertension (RAAS)
Growth of hair
Immune suppression
What is Addison diseaze
Opposite of Cushing
Low cortisol
Sign and symptoms of Addison disease
Reflects Glucocorticoid ( cortisol) Decrease glucose mobilization Poor response to stress Fatigue Weight loss
Reflects mineralocorticoid( aldosterone) Hypotension Hypoatremia( blood sodium) Hypokalemia( potasdium) Cardiac arrhythmias and failure
Decreased in body hair
