Endocrine Flashcards
A defect in the endocrine gland is a ___ defect; a defect in another related organ is a ___ defect.
Primary; secondary or tertiary
Hormone binding proteins are mostly for what type of proteins? There are 3 additional hormones that have binding proteins that do not fit this category. What are they?
Steroid hormones (lipophilic) IGF-1, GH, T4/T3
What is the difference between a free hormone and a bioavailable hormone?
A free hormone is unbound; a bioavailable hormone is bound to albumin only.
Kd = ?
Ligand (hormone) concentration that occupies 50% of binding sites (receptors)
Ki = ?
Ability to displace ligand (hormone) at 50% of maximum activity
Small Kd = ? (affinity)
Higher affinity
Smaller Ki = ? (specificity)
Higher specificity
True or false - the ligand concentration for maximal physiological response correlates with the Kd.
False - not necessarily
Hormones are transcribed as ___, which contain a signal peptide sequence. The signal peptide is cleaved to form a ___, which is the hormone plus any copeptides. Subsequent processing and packaging into ___ cleaves the hormone from its associated copeptides.
Preprohormones; Prohormone; Vesicles
What are the 4 examples of positive feedback in the human body?
- Parturition
- Lactation
- Ovulation
- Blood clotting
High basal TSH but normal pituitary response to TRH indicates a ___ defect.
Primary
Undetectable basal TSH and a lack of pituitary response to TRH indicates a ___ defect.
Secondary
Low basal levels of TRH and a delayed returned to baseline following TRH stimulation indicates a ___ defect.
Tertiary
The hypothalamus forms the floor of the ___.
Third ventricle
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates sleep?
SCN
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates feeding behavior/satiety?
ARC
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates thirst?
PVN
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates reproduction?
POA
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates circadian rhythms?
SCN
What hypothalamic nuclei regulate mood/motion/stress?
PVN/ARC
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates body temperature?
POA
What hypothalamic nucleus regulates blood pressure?
PVN
What is regulated by the PVN?
Thirst, mood/emotion/stress, blood pressure
What is regulated by the POA?
Reproduction, body temperature