Endocrine Flashcards
Major components of endocrine system
Hypothalamus Pituitary gland (3 lobes) Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Heart atria Liver Pancreas Adrenal glands Kidneys Gonads Skin
Hypothalamus
Mnemonic: SaD - antagonistic to AP
- Somatostatin; GH-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
- antagonistic
- Dopamine (DA)
Releasing hormones (4):
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Corticotropic-releasing hormone (CHR)
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Neuronsecretory via neurohypophysis:
- oxytocin (OXT)
- vasopressin (AVP); anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Pituitary (hypophysis) lobes
Adenohypophysis (anterior pit.)
Pars Intermedia (intermediate pit.)
Neurohypophysis (posterior pit.)
Anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
Mnemonic: FLAT PeG
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) prolactin β-endorphin growth hormone (GH)
Intermediate pituitary (pars intermedia)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Posterior pituitary
neurohypophysis
oxytocin (OXT)
vasopressin (AVP)
-aka anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Neurosecretory neurons from hypothalamus traverse into neurohyposhysis where OXT and AVP/ADH are stored and secreted.
Pineal gland
melatonin
Thyroid
triiodothyronine (T3)
tetraiodothyronine (T4)
calcitonin
Parathyroid
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-aka parathormoneThymus
thymosin
thymopoietin
Heart
Atrial cardiac myocytes:
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Atrial baroreceptors sense low BP:
- signals hypothalamus -> ADH
- signals juxtaglomerular cells -> renin
Liver
angiotensinogen
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
thrombopoietin (THPO)
Pancreas
insulin glucagon somatostatin ghrelin amylin pancreatic polypeptide
Adrenal glands (divisions)
cortex
medulla
Adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids
Adrenal medulla
epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Kidney
renin enzyme
erythropoietin (EPO)
calcitriol
thrombopoietin (THPO)
Female reproductive system
Ovaries
Uterus (when pregnant)
Placenta (when pregnant)
Ovaries
progesterone
estrogens
androstenedione
inhibin
Uterus (when pregnant)
prolactin
relaxin
Placenta (when pregnant)
progesterone estrogens human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) human placental lactogen activins inhibin
Testes
testosterone
other androgens
Skin
calcidiol
3 main classes of hormones
Steroids hormones
Peptide/protein hormones
Amine hormones
