endocrine

Question 1

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Answer 1

• hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
• Graves disease is most common
• tachycardia, increased body metabolism, weight loss, anxiety, elevated body temp, increased pulse rate
• affects mostly women 30-40yo
• causes: adenomas of thyroid, pituitary tumors, pregnancy
• goal is to lower thryoid activity
• treatment: thioamides, PTU, radioactive iodine

Question 2

DIABETES INSIPIDUS (DI)

Answer 2

• insufficiency in ADH
• characterized by large amounts of very dilute urine and increased thirst

Question 3

vasopressin

Answer 3

• synthetic hormone with identical structure as ADH
• acts on renal tubules to increase permeability of water–enhancing reabsorption of water
• acts within minutes, short half life, required 3-4x day
• given IM, IV, intranasal
• adverse effects: HTN, angina epidoes in pts w/ CAD, fluid retention

Question 4

HYPOTHYROIDISM (myxedema)

Answer 4

• results from poorly functioning thyroid gland
• causes: autoimmune disease, surgical removal, anti-thyroid drugs
• symptoms: slurred speech, bradycardia, weight gain, decreased smell/taste, intolerance to cold
• more common in women
• treatment: natural or synthetic hormones

Question 5

LEVOTHYROXINE (synthroid)

Answer 5

• synthetic of T4
• drugs of choice for low thyroid function
• weight loss, improved tolerance to envirmental temp, increased activity and pulse
• doses administered same time daily- AM
• adverse effects: palpitations, dysrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, intolerance
• increases effects of warfarin