Endocrine

Question 1

Propylthiouracil

Answer 1

inhib thyroid peroxidase and 5’-deiodinase

Question 2

Methimazole

Answer 2

inhibits thyroid peroxidase

Question 3

bromocriptine

Answer 3

Dopamine agonist

Tx for prolactinoma

Question 4

Cabergoline

Answer 4

Dopamine agonist

Tx for prolactinoma

Question 5

octreotide

Answer 5

somatostatin analog

Tx for acromegaly

Question 6

pegvisomant

Answer 6

GH receptor antagonist

Tx for acromegaly

Question 7

Demeclocycline

Answer 7

ADH antagonist
can cause secondary DI
can be used to Tx SIADH

Question 8

Conivaptan

Answer 8

used to Tx SIADH

Question 9

Tolvaptan

Answer 9

used to Tx SIADH

Question 10

Lispro

Answer 10

rapid-acting insulin analog
bind insulin tyrosine kinase receptor
inc glucose stored as glycogen in liver
inc glycogen, protein synthesis, and K+ uptake in muscle
inc TG storage in fat
used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 11

Aspart

Answer 11

rapid-acting insulin analog
bind insulin tyrosine kinase receptor
inc glucose stored as glycogen in liver
inc glycogen, protein synthesis, and K+ uptake in muscle
inc TG storage in fat
used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 12

Glulisine

Answer 12

rapid-acting insulin analog
bind insulin tyrosine kinase receptor
inc glucose stored as glycogen in liver
inc glycogen, protein synthesis, and K+ uptake in muscle
inc TG storage in fat
used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 13

IV insulin

Answer 13

short-acting insulin
used to treat DM1, DM2, GDM, DKA
also used to Tx hyperK+ (+glucose) and stress hyperglycemia

Question 14

NPH

Answer 14

interm acting insulin

used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM

Question 15

Glargine

Answer 15

Long acting insulin

used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM (basal glucose control)

Question 16

Detemir

Answer 16

Long acting insulin

used to Tx DM1, DM2, GDM (basal glucose control)

Question 17

Tolbutamide

Answer 17

first generation sulfonylurea
close K+ channels --> beta-cell depolarization --> Ca++ influx --> insulin release
stim release of endog insulin in DM2
req some islet f(x) so useless in DM1
SE: hypoglycemia
disulfram-like effects

Question 18

Chlorpropamide

Answer 18

first generation sulfonylurea
close K+ channels --> beta-cell depolarization --> Ca++ influx --> insulin release
stim release of endog insulin in DM2
req some islet f(x) so useless in DM1
SE: hypoglycemia
disulfram-like effects

Question 19

Glyburide

Answer 19

second generation sulfonylurea
close K+ channels --> beta-cell depolarization --> Ca++ influx --> insulin release
stim release of endog insulin in DM2
req some islet f(x) so useless in DM1
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 20

Glimepiride

Answer 20

second generation sulfonylurea
close K+ channels --> beta-cell depolarization --> Ca++ influx --> insulin release
stim release of endog insulin in DM2
req some islet f(x) so useless in DM1
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 21

Glipizide

Answer 21

second generation sulfonylurea
close K+ channels --> beta-cell depolarization --> Ca++ influx --> insulin release
stim release of endog insulin in DM2
req some islet f(x) so useless in DM1
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 22

Pioglitazone

Answer 22

Thiazolidinedione
inc insulin sensitivity in periph tissues
binds PPAR-gamma nuclear xscrption regulator
stim secretion of adiponectin
use mono or in combo for DM2
SE: lb gain and edema
also can cause hepatotoxicity and heart failure

Question 23

Rosiglitazone

Answer 23

Thiazolidinedione
inc insulin sensitivity in periph tissues
binds PPAR-gamma nuclear xscrption regulator
stim secretion of adiponectin
use mono or in combo for DM2
SE: lb gain and edema
also can cause hepatotoxicity and heart failure

Question 24

Acarbose

Answer 24

alpha-glucosidase inhib
inhib enzyme in intestinal brush border
delayed sugar hydrolysis and glc absorption
dec postprandial hyperglycemia
mono or in combo for DM2
SE: GI disturbances

Question 25

Miglitol

Answer 25

``` alpha-glucosidase inhib inhib enzyme in intestinal brush border delayed sugar hydrolysis and glc absorption dec postprandial hyperglycemia mono or in combo for DM2 SE: GI disturbances ```

Question 26

Pramlinitide

Answer 26

``` amylin analog dec gastric emptying dec glucagon used in DM1 and DM2 SE: hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea ```

Question 27

Metformin

Answer 27

``` biguanide dec gluconeogenesis inc glycolysis inc peripheral glc uptake (inc insulin sensitivity) used in DM2 can be used in pt without islet f(x) SE: GI upset LACTIC ACIDOSIS --> CI in pt with renal failure ```

Question 28

Exenatide

Answer 28

``` GLP-1 analog inc insulin dec glucagon release used to Tx DM2 SE: nausea, vom, diarrhea ```

Question 29

Liraglutide

Answer 29

``` GLP-1 analog inc insulin dec glucagon release used to Tx DM2 SE: nausea, vom, diarrhea ```

Question 30

Linagliptin

Answer 30

DPP-4 inhib dec inactivation of GLP-1 used to Tx DM2 SE: mild urinary and resp inf

Question 31

Saxagliptin

Answer 31

DPP-4 inhib dec inactivation of GLP-1 used to Tx DM2 SE: mild urinary and resp inf

Question 32

Sitagliptin

Answer 32

DPP-4 inhib dec inactivation of GLP-1 used to Tx DM2 SE: mild urinary and resp inf