Endocrine Flashcards
Is there a correlation between canine adult-onset demodicosis and other diseases? - Pinsenschaum 2019 (Vet Rec)
Breeds - WHWT, Maltese, Shih Tzu. Concurrent DX in 40% - sig. hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, leishmaniosis.
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study - Glglielmini 2019 (JVIM)
HT sig. dec. HR, P wave amplitude, R wave amplitude, EPSSn, E max. After TX sig. inc. HR, P wave amplitude, FS, E max; sig. dec. LV end-diastolic volume; normalized systolic diameter EPSSn. HT induces mild and reversible changes of cardiac function - MPI does not have clinical importance of IDing dysfunction in affected dogs.
Investigation of adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction in dogs with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation - Aicher 2019 (PLOS One)
Case-control. 10% hyperadrenocorticism + sig. more had DHEAS inc. 26% hypothyroidism but no TgAA + sig. inc. UICR. Inc. capacity for cortisol synthesis + disrupted TH metabolism.
Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele - Jaffey 2019 (Vet Journal)
Retrospective. CS - OR 4.2. Jaundice - OR 2.12. HAC - OR 1.94. Pomeranian - OR - 2.46. Bili - OR 1.03 (poor predictor Se 61% / Sp 63%). Age - OR 1.17. V - OR 0.48. No effect of HT or DM.
Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine - Hrovat 2019 (JVIM)
6 weeks - sig. inc. in activity. 6 months - no change in behavioral signs. No diff. in conc. of serotonin.
Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both - Parkanzky 2019 (JVIM)
MST (sig. diff) - SX 1802 days, MM 1340 days, MM –> SX 203 days. Dec. survival - GBM type, ALP, Cr, P. Inc. survival in SX - biliary rupture on AUS. Best survival w/ SX, but MM is reasonable alternative when SX cannot be pursued.
Comparison of 2 assays for measuring serum total thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats - Wolff 2020 (JVIM)
Diff. CTT4 and MTT4 affect interpretation at higher TT4 conc. ITT4 underestimates compared to MTT4. Serial measurements should be done with same assay.
Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study - Corsini 2021 (JSAP)
75 mcg/dog IV. Post > 2.2 - euthyroid. 40 HT / 74 ET. Post > 1.7 had NPV 100%. Post < 1.3 had PPV 94.9%. Highly reliable even with NTI or med. administration. Post > 1.7 suggests normal thyroid function.
Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine using an individualised scoring system - Fernandez 2019 (JFMS)
After 6-9 months: overt - 40%; SC - 12.7%. Overt + AZO - 14.5%. Low T4 19 d - PPV 72.2% and NPV 80%. Inc TSH 19 d - PPV 75% and NPV 44.6%. Scoring system effective for I131 dosing but higher prev. HT than other protocols.
Correlation of thyroid hormone measurements with thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation test results in radioiodine-treated cats - Wakeling 2020 (JVIM)
NTI did not affect TT4 after TSHSt. 85% HT + 14% ET had high TSH. 88% HT had low fT4. 1/5 ET with low fT4 had high TSH. Only 19% HT had low tT4. fT4 CLIA + TSH canine immunoassay can be used to DX iatrogenic HT in cats.
Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats - Covey 2019 (JVIM)
Retrospective cross-sectional. 6 months - 22% recurrent hyperthyroidism; 49% hypothyroid. Long term - 44% recurrent hyperthyroidism, 83% transiently euthyroid, 17% hypothyroid. SDMA + Cr linearly associated but hyperthyroid had higher SDMA relative to Cr. Thyroid function changes for years after bilateral thyroidectomy and recurrence is common. SDMA + Cr both affected by thyroxine conc. and effect is greater in hyperthyroid cats.
Relationship between total thyroxine, thyroid palpation and a clinical index in hyperthyroid and healthy cats and cats with other diseases - Wehner 2019 (JFMS)
80% hyperthyroid had palpable nodule, 20% healthy/NTI (hyperthyroid TPS ~ 2). Hyperthyroid older, lower BW + BCS. Hyperthyroid commonly had palpable nodules, but smaller than previously reported.
Coagulation parameters in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment compared with healthy controls - Cui 2019 (JFMS)
Fibrinogen sig. higher and PT sig. shorter in hyperthyroid - persisted after I-131.
Inc. hypercoagulability after I-131 (fibrinogen, PT, TEG max. amp. and clot rigidity).
Hyperthyroid cats showed hypercoag. tendencies which inc. after I-131 - poss. transient radiation-induced thyroiditis.
Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations decrease with severity of nonthyroidal illness in cats and predict 30-day survival outcome - Peterson 2020 (JVIM)
NTIs had lower T4/T3 but FT4 and TSH did not differ.
TT4/FT4/T3 prog. dec. with disease severity, and non-survivors had lower T3/T4/TSH (no diff. in FT4).
T4 + TSH predicted survival.
Consider eval. thyroid fxn with severe NTI to prognosticate before investing in TX.
Prevalence of, and factors associated with, positive urine cultures in hyperthyroid cats presenting for radioiodine therapy - Keebaugh 2021 (JFMS)
5.1% positive UCs - all subclinical.
Microscopic bacteriuria sig. associated with PUC (60%) vs NUC (1.6%).
Lower than previous reports - all subclinical despite bacteriuria, which would not warrant TX.
Comparison of free thyroxine measurement by chemiluminescence and equilibrium dialysis following 131I therapy in hyperthyroid cats - Stammeleer 2020 (JFMS)
Good correlation b/t ED + CLIA fT4, but CLIA consistently underestimated -5.4 and -4.9 pmol/L.
At T2, all euthyroid on TS - 40.9% CLIA dec. and 9.1% ED dec.
Good correlation b/t assays but sig. differences at both time points - reconsider RI? Routine fT4 after TX not advised.
Concurrent thoracic pathology identified with radiology in hyperthyroid cats referred for radioiodine therapy - Kormpou 2020 (JFMS)
Pathology - 77%
Pulm (Br + BrI) - 59%
Skeletal - 57%
Cardiac (cardiomeg) - 43%
Sternal LN - 7%
Mediastinal - 3%
Esophageal - 2%
Pleural space - 0.5%
12 cats (6%) changed TX plan - 5/12 still received I-131.
Incidental findings common but sig. pathology had low prevalence.
Establishing levels of retained radioactivity in cats receiving radioactive iodine treatment - Alonzi 2021 (Vet Rec)
> 11 MBq (UK reg) at day 11 in 49% and day 13 in 91%. Could be discharged with at-home regulations for subsequent ~ 2 weeks.
13 day isolation period compliant with current UK legislation.
Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cats with chronic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism - Kongtasai 2021 (JVIM)
CKD - sig. higher sL-FABP (13.50 vs 4.25) and uL-FABP (4.90 vs 0.46).
HT - sig. higher uL-FABP (0.94) than healthy at T0, but sig. dec. at T2 (0.54).
For CKD detection - uL-FABP had Se 100% and Sp 93.2%.
L-FABP but NOT NGAL is potential biomarker for early CKD detection in cats. Unknown utility for predicting azotemia after hyperthyroid TX.
Assessment of symmetric dimethylarginine as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine - Buresova 2019 (JVIM)
SDMA > 14 in 6/47 at T0 and normalized after TX in 4/6. All nonazotemic after TX.
Low corr. b/t GFR + SDMA (not sig); mod. corr. b/t GFR + Cr (sig)
Carefully interpret mild SDMA elevation with normal Cr in hyperthyroid cats - may normalize after TX. In this pop SDMA poorly correlated with GFR.
Symmetric dimethylarginine in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioactive iodine - DeMonaco 2020 (JFMS)
Inc. SDMA in 7% (baseline), 19% (1 month), 20% (3 month), 32% (6 month).
Inc. Cr in 0% (baseline), 6% (1 month), 15% (3 month), 15% (6 month).
Med. baseline SDMA sig. higher in azotemic (13 vs 10). Se 15.4% and Sp 94.4%.
SDMA inc. in I-131 TX cats and likely reflects GFR changes. Inc. SDMA before TX has high Sp but poor Se for predicting post-TX azotemia.
Clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in 70 dogs - Scharf 2020 (JSAP)
MST 35.1 - 83% at 1 year and 49% at 3 years.
MST ~ 72.6 months with SX but ~ 15.7 months without.
64% hypothyroid after surgery.
Met ~ 3%.
May survive for long periods after SX but iatrogenic hypothyroidism common.
Outcomes for dogs with functional thyroid tumors treated by surgical excision alone - Frederick 2020 (JAVMA)
PU/PD - 56%. Weight loss - 44%. 2 had hyperthyroidism incidentally found.
1 dog with mets at DX. 85% malignant.
MST ~ 1072 days. No sig. prognostic factors.
Dogs with resectable tumors had good prog. with SX alone. MST similar to previous studies inc. nonfunctional tumors.
Complications and outcomes associated with unilateral thyroidectomy in dogs with naturally occurring thyroid tumors: 156 cases (2003-2015) - Reagan 2019 (JAVMA)
Perioperative complications - 19.9%. Hemorrhage - 7.7%. 5/12 required transfusion.
Postop - AP 3.2%.
Survival to discharge - 98.1%.
MST ~ 911 days.
Unilateral thyroidectomy - perioperative mortality ~ 1.9% and complication ~ 19.9% (hemorrhage + AP). Long-term survival not uncommon.
Prevalence of canine primary hyperparathyroidism recurrence in Keeshond and non-Keeshond dogs after curative parathyroidectomy - Thompson 2020 (Vet Rec)
Keeshond sig. more likely to recur (50% vs 7%). Median time to recurrence in Keeshond ~ 35 months.
Keeshond sig. younger at initial detection (108 months vs 126 months).
All dogs with parathyroidectomy should be monitored lifelong for recurrence, esp. Keeshond. Recommend early screening of Keeshond, even if apparently healthy.
Severity of Ionized Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia Is Associated With Etiology in Dogs and Cats - Coady 2019 (Front Vet Sci)
Hypercalcemia (dogs) - malignancy (12.9%), parathyroid (4.6%), Addison’s (1.7%). Dogs with mod - severe more likely to have hyperparathyroid, malignancy, or Vit D tox.
Hypocalcemia (dogs) - critical illness (17.4%), renal (10.4%), tox (7.5%). Mod - severe more likely hypoparathyroidism, renal, eclampsia, critical illness.
Hypercalcemia (cats) - malignancy (22.7%), renal (13.4%), idiopathic (12.6%). Cats with mod - severe more likely to have malignancy or idiopathic.
Hypocalcemia (cats) - renal (21.6%), UO (15.1%), critical illness (14.7%). Mod - severe more likely renal, trauma, UO.
Mild Ca disturbances commonly non-pathologic/transient. Malignancy most common cause of elevated iCa in dogs and cats. Critical illness and renal freq. cause of low iCa in both species.
Efficacy of hypophysectomy for the treatment of hypersomatotropism-induced diabetes mellitus in 68 cats - Fenn 2021 (JVIM)
85.3% alive 4 weeks postop. Complications - hypoglycemia (9/68 - 13%), electrolytes (9/68 - 13%), CHF (5/68 - 7%).
55/58 survivors (95%) had improved DM control with remission 41/58 (71%) with median ~ 9 days.
4 week IGF-1 nadir sig. lower in cats w/ remission (20 vs 324).
All cats received levothyroxine and hydrocortisone PO; 72% desmopressin.
DM recurrence 5/41 (12%) at median ~ 248 days.
MST ~ 853 days.
Hypophysectomy is effective TX for cats with HST + DM with favorable long-term outcome compared to existing options.
Classification of myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes in dogs and cats - Mignan 2020 (JVIM)
