ENDOCRINE Flashcards
Body systems involved
integumentary, cardiovascular, respiratory, GI
integumentary involvement
hives, itching, flushing, swelling, angioedema
what is angioedema
swelling underneath the eyes
cardiovascular involvement
tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, decreased LOC, hypoxemia
what is hypoxemia
low levels of oxygen in the blood
respiratory involvement
SOB, wheeze, cough, stridor
GI involvement
cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
when do we give epinephrine in anaphylaxis
if 2 or more body systems are involved, or severe symptoms to a single body system
underlying stressors in adrenal crisis
hypoglycemia, hypotension, GI issues, fractures.
What is diabetes
caused by a relative deficit of insulin secretion from the beta cells, or by the lack of response by cells to insulin
what is insulin
a hormone that comes from the pancreas. it allows sugar (glucose) to enter the cells to produce energy.
what happens when there is a deficit in insulin production
results in a abnormal, carb, protein and fat metabolism because the transport of glucose and amino acids are impaired, as well as the production of protein and glycogen
role of glucose in diabetes
sugar, the main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues. it comes from food and liver. it is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters with the help of insulin.
where is glucose stored
glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen.
what happens when the BGL are low?
the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose. this keeps the BGL at a normal range.
hypoglycemia levels
<2 years- <3mmol is low
>2- <4mmol is low
glucose in T2D
glucose doesn’t work well in t2d. instead of moving into the cells, sugar builds up in the blood.
what happens when the BGL increase in t2d
the pancreas that makes insulin are damaged as the pancreas has to release more insulin. the cells cannot make enough insulin to meet the bodys needs
type 2 diabetes
body cannot use insulin correctly and sugar builds up into the blood.
type 1 diabetes
the body produces little to no insulin
